{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139292176","doi":null,"title":"Gradual Trade Liberalization and Firm Performance in Ethiopia","display_name":"Gradual Trade Liberalization and Firm Performance in Ethiopia","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139292176","mag":"2139292176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2139292176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.soderbom.net/trade_dec09_final.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081250301","display_name":"Arne Bigsten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-0819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-0819"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Bigsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-0819","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088756993","display_name":"Mulu Gebreeyesus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-4689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-4689"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mulu Gebreeyesus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085002006","display_name":"M\u00e5ns S\u00f6derbom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-093X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-093X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e5ns S\u00f6derbom","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gothenburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gothenburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariff-reduction","display_name":"tariff reduction","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-factor-productivity","display_name":"total factor productivity","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-industry","display_name":"manufacturing industry","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopian-manufacturing","display_name":"Ethiopian manufacturing","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-competition","display_name":"domestic competition","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size","display_name":"firm size","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-intensity","display_name":"capital intensity","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-entry-and-exit","display_name":"firm entry and exit","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-tariffs","display_name":"endogenous tariffs","score":0.8100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7049119472503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.6062057018280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5913764238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.5748139023780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5676197409629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5389772653579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317088","display_name":"Commodity","level":2,"score":0.47370168566703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120009192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936153","display_name":"Total factor productivity","level":3,"score":0.4707750976085663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.46460646390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988460067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Manufacturing sector","level":2,"score":0.4155125021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.38864320516586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.3425214886665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1328977644443512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07956355810165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05617725849151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2139292176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.soderbom.net/trade_dec09_final.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:csa:wpaper:2009-21","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6d93f9be-754e-4666-a895-9b66d80b8cf5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84024344","https://openalex.org/W1480899479","https://openalex.org/W1499735793","https://openalex.org/W1515269017","https://openalex.org/W1526302393","https://openalex.org/W1529140338","https://openalex.org/W1547983777","https://openalex.org/W1554295852","https://openalex.org/W1577375906","https://openalex.org/W1987288542","https://openalex.org/W1994303068","https://openalex.org/W2001940407","https://openalex.org/W2010941227","https://openalex.org/W2025610165","https://openalex.org/W2034597190","https://openalex.org/W2045172002","https://openalex.org/W2047990676","https://openalex.org/W2049093326","https://openalex.org/W2052546656","https://openalex.org/W2053858816","https://openalex.org/W2062113583","https://openalex.org/W2067975708","https://openalex.org/W2076995342","https://openalex.org/W2091698007","https://openalex.org/W2093260272","https://openalex.org/W2108261011","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2130868687","https://openalex.org/W2134412515","https://openalex.org/W2138632812","https://openalex.org/W2140235087","https://openalex.org/W2144240247","https://openalex.org/W2144315822","https://openalex.org/W2161265117","https://openalex.org/W2188530013","https://openalex.org/W2290674087","https://openalex.org/W2489612519","https://openalex.org/W2588728401","https://openalex.org/W2891391078","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3023960206","https://openalex.org/W3121855595","https://openalex.org/W3121969325","https://openalex.org/W3123370820","https://openalex.org/W3125157272","https://openalex.org/W3142126618","https://openalex.org/W3148975945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2332061389","https://openalex.org/W2734361652","https://openalex.org/W3042210594","https://openalex.org/W1998633183","https://openalex.org/W2795122067","https://openalex.org/W7100460166","https://openalex.org/W2915341659","https://openalex.org/W7000134414","https://openalex.org/W2523621800","https://openalex.org/W3162506092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,30,82,100,121],"use":[1],"firm-level":[2],"data":[3,13],"for":[4],"the":[5,18,27,58,87,108,111,118,127],"Ethiopian":[6],"manufacturing":[7],"sector":[8],"matched":[9],"with":[10,107],"commodity-":[11],"level":[12],"on":[14,23,39,130],"tariffs":[15,50,90],"to":[16,48,54],"examine":[17],"effect":[19,125],"of":[20,36,57,89,126],"trade":[21,112,128],"liberalization":[22,113,129],"firm":[24],"performance":[25],"during":[26],"1997-2005":[28],"period.":[29],"find":[31,83,122],"relatively":[32],"large":[33],"positive":[34],"effects":[35,104],"tariff":[37,71,76],"reductions":[38],"total":[40],"factor":[41],"productivity,":[42],"a":[43],"result":[44],"that":[45,74,86,102,110],"is":[46,63],"robust":[47],"treating":[49],"as":[51],"endogenous,":[52],"and":[53,95],"various":[55],"generalizations":[56],"baseline":[59],"model.":[60],"This":[61],"affects":[62],"primarily":[64],"driven":[65],"by":[66],"mechanisms":[67],"operating":[68],"at":[69],"high":[70],"level,":[72],"suggesting":[73],"excessive":[75],"levels":[77],"may":[78],"be":[79],"particularly":[80],"distortionary.":[81],"some":[84],"evidence":[85],"reduction":[88],"has":[91,114],"resulted":[92],"in":[93,117],"smaller":[94],"more":[96],"capital-intensive":[97],"domestic":[98,119],"firms.":[99],"note":[101],"these":[103],"are":[105],"consistent":[106],"hypothesis":[109],"increased":[115],"competition":[116],"market.":[120],"no":[123],"significant":[124],"entry":[131],"or":[132],"exit":[133],"rates.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}