{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139291856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","title":"Warrants for Prescription: Analytically and Empirically Based Approaches to Improving Decision Making","display_name":"Warrants for Prescription: Analytically and Empirically Based Approaches to Improving Decision Making","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139291856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","mag":"2139291856","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15960090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720053653811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047178465","display_name":"Raanan Lipshitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raanan Lipshitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085351997","display_name":"Marvin S. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133772","display_name":"Cognitive Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmbgt55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133772"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin S. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Technologies Inc., Arlington, Virginia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Technologies Inc., Arlington, Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133772"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86571056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"102","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.5845000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.16459999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.13699999451637268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrants","display_name":"warrants","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-aids","display_name":"decision aids","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-training","display_name":"decision training","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consulting","display_name":"consulting","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalistic-decision-making","display_name":"naturalistic decision making","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-analysis","display_name":"decision analysis","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalistic-fallacy","display_name":"naturalistic fallacy","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-engineering","display_name":"cognitive engineering","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-program","display_name":"training program","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.9575507640838623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.611034095287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781035248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186150","display_name":"Fallacy","level":2,"score":0.5964384078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4960654675960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47127196192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84839998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249245","display_name":"Decision rule","level":2,"score":0.45977720618247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43236755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56000","display_name":"Naturalism","level":2,"score":0.44518324732780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3400028944015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21629363298416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.18284979462623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15579119324684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15227043628692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09647476673126221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003661","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003662","descriptor_name":"Decision Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003662","descriptor_name":"Decision Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003662","descriptor_name":"Decision Theory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005103","descriptor_name":"Expert Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005103","descriptor_name":"Expert Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005103","descriptor_name":"Expert Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006804","descriptor_name":"Ergonomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017408","descriptor_name":"Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1518/0018720053653811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1518/0018720053653811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15960090","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15960090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.135.6295","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.135.6295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cog-tech.com/papers/humfac/warrants hfj spring 2005.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43760866","https://openalex.org/W56451930","https://openalex.org/W73484287","https://openalex.org/W116083475","https://openalex.org/W118524399","https://openalex.org/W127422594","https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W159586738","https://openalex.org/W175681799","https://openalex.org/W177131217","https://openalex.org/W284239745","https://openalex.org/W284513564","https://openalex.org/W574450381","https://openalex.org/W590917903","https://openalex.org/W602034520","https://openalex.org/W604574867","https://openalex.org/W624349492","https://openalex.org/W629181131","https://openalex.org/W644531077","https://openalex.org/W655464054","https://openalex.org/W942274081","https://openalex.org/W1493926707","https://openalex.org/W1502520911","https://openalex.org/W1511574020","https://openalex.org/W1513544106","https://openalex.org/W1516964807","https://openalex.org/W1522758977","https://openalex.org/W1524162935","https://openalex.org/W1531190209","https://openalex.org/W1533043171","https://openalex.org/W1536284560","https://openalex.org/W1543210409","https://openalex.org/W1549492071","https://openalex.org/W1570420954","https://openalex.org/W1571895365","https://openalex.org/W1581825063","https://openalex.org/W1591741498","https://openalex.org/W1599118627","https://openalex.org/W1602939817","https://openalex.org/W1603834667","https://openalex.org/W1607390214","https://openalex.org/W1623168575","https://openalex.org/W1662711610","https://openalex.org/W1675163538","https://openalex.org/W1684425668","https://openalex.org/W1698199421","https://openalex.org/W1737802827","https://openalex.org/W1792756357","https://openalex.org/W1813811056","https://openalex.org/W1853755156","https://openalex.org/W1965761421","https://openalex.org/W1966602787","https://openalex.org/W1969481895","https://openalex.org/W1975575380","https://openalex.org/W1981581469","https://openalex.org/W1986218606","https://openalex.org/W1986721142","https://openalex.org/W1986808060","https://openalex.org/W1992192720","https://openalex.org/W1993830752","https://openalex.org/W1999943693","https://openalex.org/W2000137779","https://openalex.org/W2005852998","https://openalex.org/W2011024096","https://openalex.org/W2014940456","https://openalex.org/W2025238745","https://openalex.org/W2025530878","https://openalex.org/W2027047704","https://openalex.org/W2036221810","https://openalex.org/W2039137647","https://openalex.org/W2042219492","https://openalex.org/W2047836425","https://openalex.org/W2066232109","https://openalex.org/W2067404458","https://openalex.org/W2069792529","https://openalex.org/W2070841423","https://openalex.org/W2071569518","https://openalex.org/W2073984231","https://openalex.org/W2076686715","https://openalex.org/W2092927190","https://openalex.org/W2115714947","https://openalex.org/W2115739568","https://openalex.org/W2137287692","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2144681685","https://openalex.org/W2145170747","https://openalex.org/W2145853879","https://openalex.org/W2146246854","https://openalex.org/W2147083400","https://openalex.org/W2156452244","https://openalex.org/W2157310699","https://openalex.org/W2157903377","https://openalex.org/W2166034007","https://openalex.org/W2169613734","https://openalex.org/W2170636621","https://openalex.org/W2242842357","https://openalex.org/W2244525737","https://openalex.org/W2313108104","https://openalex.org/W2314020261","https://openalex.org/W2314091927","https://openalex.org/W2315371606","https://openalex.org/W2315969544","https://openalex.org/W2322117747","https://openalex.org/W2324062392","https://openalex.org/W2324653375","https://openalex.org/W2328418989","https://openalex.org/W2332550897","https://openalex.org/W2333584940","https://openalex.org/W2345888244","https://openalex.org/W2477572219","https://openalex.org/W2503971876","https://openalex.org/W2506523170","https://openalex.org/W2625576426","https://openalex.org/W2796169793","https://openalex.org/W2890655397","https://openalex.org/W2952483035","https://openalex.org/W2999274735","https://openalex.org/W3023551534","https://openalex.org/W3128581731","https://openalex.org/W3133236490","https://openalex.org/W3146260030","https://openalex.org/W3150029850","https://openalex.org/W3154497101","https://openalex.org/W3176082178","https://openalex.org/W4206931038","https://openalex.org/W4231495351","https://openalex.org/W4233362772","https://openalex.org/W4250937061","https://openalex.org/W4256098261","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301049828","https://openalex.org/W4301958211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144074006","https://openalex.org/W2045905772","https://openalex.org/W2087077235","https://openalex.org/W3000250289","https://openalex.org/W2069487416","https://openalex.org/W4388631895","https://openalex.org/W4242712434","https://openalex.org/W2169613734","https://openalex.org/W2258765408","https://openalex.org/W3000706966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efforts":[0],"to":[1,7,34,91,118,142,158],"improve":[2,159],"decision":[3,35,37,121,124,164],"making":[4,122],"must":[5],"appeal":[6],"some":[8],"source":[9],"of":[10,60,97,106,115,138,149,155,162],"warrant":[11,46,56,116],"-":[12],"that":[13,65],"is,":[14],"specific":[15],"criteria":[16],"or":[17,146],"models":[18,59],"for":[19,31,76],"guiding":[20],"and":[21,27,39,50,73,93,123,134],"evaluating":[22],"decision-making":[23],"performance.":[24,62],"We":[25,63,103],"examine":[26],"compare":[28],"the":[29,81,95,113,132,136,153],"warrants":[30,68],"two":[32],"approaches":[33],"aids,":[36],"training,":[38],"consulting:":[40],"analytically":[41],"based":[42,52,67,140],"prescription,":[43,53],"which":[44,54],"obtains":[45,55],"from":[47,57,100],"formal":[48,98],"models,":[49],"empirically":[51,66,139],"descriptive":[58],"successful":[61],"argue":[64],"can":[69],"provide":[70],"a":[71],"meaningful":[72],"valid":[74],"basis":[75],"prescriptive":[77],"intervention":[78],"without":[79,94],"committing":[80],"naturalistic":[82,120,163],"fallacy":[83],"(i.e.,":[84],"confusing":[85],"what":[86,89],"is":[87],"with":[88],"ought":[90],"be)":[92],"use":[96],"deduction":[99],"first":[101],"principles.":[102],"describe":[104],"points":[105],"divergence":[107],"as":[108,110],"well":[109],"convergence":[111],"in":[112],"types":[114],"appealed":[117],"by":[119],"analysis,":[125],"letting":[126],"each":[127],"approach":[128],"shed":[129],"light":[130],"on":[131],"other,":[133],"explore":[135],"application":[137],"prescription":[141],"cognitive":[143],"engineering.":[144],"Actual":[145],"potential":[147],"applications":[148],"this":[150],"research":[151],"include":[152],"development":[154],"training":[156],"programs":[157],"various":[160],"aspects":[161],"making.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}