{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139259555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","title":"Tracking errors in a prototype real-time tumour tracking system","display_name":"Tracking errors in a prototype real-time tumour tracking system","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139259555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","mag":"2139259555","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065983899","display_name":"Gregory Charles Sharp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-9611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-9611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory C Sharp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. gcsharp@partners.org","Department of Radiation Oncology,#R# Massachusetts General Hospital,#R# Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. gcsharp@partners.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology,#R# Massachusetts General Hospital,#R# Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018120191","display_name":"Steve B Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-6752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-6752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve B Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA","Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard, Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072292164","display_name":"Shinichi Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-0479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-0479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinichi Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan","Hokkaido University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020774876","display_name":"Hiroki Shirato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-6439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-6439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroki Shirato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan","Hokkaido University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88936115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"23","first_page":"5347","last_page":"5356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-tracking","display_name":"tumor tracking","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-error-detection","display_name":"tracking error detection","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluoroscopy","display_name":"fluoroscopy","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.8941760063171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.6887952089309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6819092631340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6253945231437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5337074398994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183356978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779213","display_name":"Tracking error","level":3,"score":0.4468977749347687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.4296116530895233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4233304560184479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.1575109362602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12701258063316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08954599499702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003199","descriptor_name":"Computer Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005471","descriptor_name":"Fluoroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005471","descriptor_name":"Fluoroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005471","descriptor_name":"Fluoroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000532","qualifier_name":"radiotherapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019544","descriptor_name":"Equipment Failure Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/23/011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15656282","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15656282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1969102615","https://openalex.org/W1976167830","https://openalex.org/W1982265085","https://openalex.org/W1986223870","https://openalex.org/W1990105063","https://openalex.org/W1992788379","https://openalex.org/W1994583520","https://openalex.org/W1996042811","https://openalex.org/W2005287757","https://openalex.org/W2016318799","https://openalex.org/W2017695843","https://openalex.org/W2021787989","https://openalex.org/W2025553206","https://openalex.org/W2032828665","https://openalex.org/W2036924749","https://openalex.org/W2052643382","https://openalex.org/W2057485734","https://openalex.org/W2064292478","https://openalex.org/W2065385932","https://openalex.org/W2075060606","https://openalex.org/W2076204793","https://openalex.org/W2086367050","https://openalex.org/W2092892497","https://openalex.org/W2109498222","https://openalex.org/W2115570519","https://openalex.org/W2121562131","https://openalex.org/W2166064220","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W4252442944","https://openalex.org/W4388297464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W2996812256","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2026490863","https://openalex.org/W2389929639","https://openalex.org/W2354867839","https://openalex.org/W2380496977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"motion-compensated":[1],"radiation":[2],"therapy,":[3],"radio-opaque":[4],"markers":[5,24],"can":[6],"be":[7],"implanted":[8,23],"in":[9,16],"or":[10,37],"near":[11],"a":[12,97],"tumour":[13,66],"and":[14,51,55,79,105,121],"tracked":[15],"real-time":[17,65],"using":[18,62],"fluoroscopic":[19],"imaging.":[20],"Tracking":[21],"these":[22],"gives":[25],"highly":[26],"accurate":[27],"position":[28],"information,":[29],"except":[30],"when":[31],"tracking":[32,49,58,67,77,94,114],"fails":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35],"poor":[36],"ambiguous":[38],"imaging":[39],"conditions.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42],"investigates":[43],"methods":[44],"for":[45,73],"automatic":[46,74],"detection":[47,75],"of":[48,57,76,99,102,109],"errors,":[50,78],"assesses":[52],"the":[53,63,82],"frequency":[54],"impact":[56],"errors":[59,95,115],"on":[60],"treatments":[61],"prototype":[64],"system.":[68],"We":[69,90],"investigated":[70],"four":[71],"indicators":[72],"found":[80,92],"that":[81,93],"distance":[83],"between":[84,103,119],"corresponding":[85],"rays":[86],"was":[87,116],"most":[88],"effective.":[89],"also":[91],"cause":[96],"loss":[98],"gating":[100],"efficiency":[101],"7.6":[104],"10.2%.":[106],"The":[107],"incidence":[108],"treatment":[110],"beam":[111],"delivery":[112],"during":[113],"estimated":[117],"at":[118],"0.8%":[120],"1.25%.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
