{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139251178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","title":"The effect of heavy or 'free growth' thinning on oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur)","display_name":"The effect of heavy or 'free growth' thinning on oak (Quercus petraea and Q. robur)","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139251178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","mag":"2139251178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152552278","display_name":"Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research","issn_l":"0015-752X","issn":["0015-752X","1464-3626"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083893052","display_name":"Gary Kerr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326271269","display_name":"Forestry Commission England","ror":"https://ror.org/03hkswm52","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326271269","https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G Kerr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Forestry Commission, Research DivisionAlice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Forestry Commission, Research DivisionAlice Holt Lodge, Wrecclesham, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326271269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083893052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326271269"],"apc_list":{"value":2889,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3810},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90001912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"303","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-thinning","display_name":"heavy thinning","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quercus-petraea","display_name":"Quercus petraea","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quercus-robur","display_name":"Quercus robur","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oak","display_name":"oak","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown-thinning","display_name":"crown thinning","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-growth","display_name":"radial growth","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-volume","display_name":"tree volume","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-quality","display_name":"wood quality","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning-intensity","display_name":"pruning intensity","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epicormic-shoots","display_name":"epicormic shoots","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-rotation","display_name":"short rotation","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discounted-cash-flow","display_name":"discounted cash flow","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266974","display_name":"Thinning","level":2,"score":0.9322000741958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165145","display_name":"Quercus robur","level":2,"score":0.8044201135635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775966360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q720362","display_name":"Silviculture","level":2,"score":0.6877776384353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778445563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158608","display_name":"Quercus petraea","level":2,"score":0.6369456648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779225514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1686140","display_name":"Veneer","level":2,"score":0.6130445003509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.5760412812232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5613425374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.4613708257675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.4478934705257416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4345552623271942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4204910695552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39982080459594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.36380821466445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.358303964138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22546693682670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.22503036260604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.10636287927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.08557191491127014}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.4.303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152552278","display_name":"Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research","issn_l":"0015-752X","issn":["0015-752X","1464-3626"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Forestry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W346420439","https://openalex.org/W356976435","https://openalex.org/W594382213","https://openalex.org/W645398966","https://openalex.org/W655521691","https://openalex.org/W1217448570","https://openalex.org/W2095505819","https://openalex.org/W2898769006","https://openalex.org/W3022717487","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182920230","https://openalex.org/W304774049","https://openalex.org/W2465629097","https://openalex.org/W2969816622","https://openalex.org/W2195827696","https://openalex.org/W7097787341","https://openalex.org/W7055544233","https://openalex.org/W2969310640","https://openalex.org/W7095656375","https://openalex.org/W2081649190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Free":[0,136],"growth":[1,33,53,98,137],"is":[2,25,141,160],"a":[3,19,35,58,106,121,143],"type":[4],"of":[5,31,37,64,73,100,117,124,139,152,155],"heavy":[6],"thinning":[7,54,99,138],"which":[8,27],"aims":[9],"to":[10,34,168],"maximize":[11],"diameter":[12,60],"increment":[13],"and":[14,42,82,175],"produce":[15],"valuable":[16],"timber":[17],"on":[18],"relatively":[20],"short":[21],"rotation.":[22],"An":[23],"experiment":[24],"described":[26],"investigated":[28],"the":[29,114,153],"application":[30],"free":[32,52,97],"stand":[36],"oak":[38,101,140],"{":[39],"Quercus":[40],"petraea":[41],"Q.":[43],"robur":[44],")":[45],"planted":[46],"in":[47,57,120,146],"1930.":[48],"At":[49],"age":[50],"58":[51],"had":[55],"resulted":[56],"mean":[59,70],"at":[61],"breast":[62],"height":[63],"39.0":[65],"cm":[66,81],"with":[67,79],"an":[68,128],"estimated":[69],"tree":[71],"volume":[72],"0.98":[74],"m":[75,84],"3":[76,85,107],",":[77],"compared":[78],"29.3":[80],"0.52":[83],"for":[86],"equivalent":[87],"crown":[88],"thinned":[89],"trees.":[90],"Discounted":[91],"cash":[92],"flow":[93],"calculations":[94],"showed":[95],"that":[96,113,162],"could":[102],"be":[103,134,165],"justified":[104],"using":[105],"per":[108],"cent":[109],"discount":[110],"rate":[111],"assuming":[112],"increased":[115],"intensity":[116],"pruning":[118],"results":[119],"large":[122],"proportion":[123],"veneer":[125],"quality":[126],"timber;":[127],"independent":[129],"assessment":[130],"indicated":[131],"this":[132],"may":[133,164],"possible.":[135],"not":[142],"common":[144],"practice":[145],"British":[147],"broadleaved":[148],"silviculture":[149],"probably":[150],"because":[151],"cost":[154],"controlling":[156],"epicormic":[157],"shoots.":[158],"It":[159],"suggested":[161],"it":[163],"more":[166],"appropriate":[167],"other":[169],"species":[170],"such":[171],"as":[172],"ash,":[173],"sycamore":[174],"wild":[176],"cherry.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
