{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139210122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","title":"The Biologistical Construction of Race","display_name":"The Biologistical Construction of Race","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139210122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","mag":"2139210122","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19227818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0306312708090796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68632876","display_name":"Social Studies of Science","issn_l":"0036-8539","issn":["0036-8539","0306-3127","1460-3659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Studies of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2943906","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080290106","display_name":"Duana Fullwiley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duana Fullwiley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, 33 Kirkland Street, William James Hall,\r                        Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,","Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dfullwil@fas.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, 33 Kirkland Street, William James Hall,\r                        Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dfullwil@fas.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080290106"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.05,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":255,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99391217,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"695","last_page":"735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12575","display_name":"Medical History and Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"race","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancestry-informative-markers","display_name":"ancestry informative markers","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-genetics","display_name":"medical genetics","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-americans","display_name":"Hispanic Americans","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-mixing","display_name":"racial mixing","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-population","display_name":"reference population","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk","display_name":"genetic risk","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-politics","display_name":"identity politics","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-revolution","display_name":"genetic revolution","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexicans","display_name":"Mexicans","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/puerto-ricans","display_name":"Puerto Ricans","score":0.9390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.769431471824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179454799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132151","display_name":"Ethnography","level":2,"score":0.4569362699985504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.43879997730255127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.43659907579421997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.4124707579612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3184988498687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.23604196310043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23341631889343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.21699753403663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005826","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020811","descriptor_name":"Biomedical Technology","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044469","descriptor_name":"Racial Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049673","descriptor_name":"History, 20th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049674","descriptor_name":"History, 21st Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0306312708090796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312708090796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68632876","display_name":"Social Studies of Science","issn_l":"0036-8539","issn":["0036-8539","0306-3127","1460-3659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Studies of Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19227818","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19227818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social studies of science","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.903.5583","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.903.5583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sss.sagepub.com/content/38/5/695.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/2943906","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2943906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2187852661","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://beck2.med.harvard.edu/week4/fullwiley3.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/2943906","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2943906","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46302826","https://openalex.org/W295677786","https://openalex.org/W322186345","https://openalex.org/W471273204","https://openalex.org/W578838036","https://openalex.org/W630244477","https://openalex.org/W631701202","https://openalex.org/W1480933312","https://openalex.org/W1508150034","https://openalex.org/W1516862245","https://openalex.org/W1592777209","https://openalex.org/W1649116871","https://openalex.org/W1754851358","https://openalex.org/W1841846581","https://openalex.org/W1955291498","https://openalex.org/W1961592809","https://openalex.org/W1965278426","https://openalex.org/W1968547310","https://openalex.org/W1970526745","https://openalex.org/W1971386853","https://openalex.org/W1975210853","https://openalex.org/W1979731710","https://openalex.org/W1985371796","https://openalex.org/W1986093314","https://openalex.org/W1990735965","https://openalex.org/W1993073837","https://openalex.org/W1995404520","https://openalex.org/W1997440706","https://openalex.org/W2000138195","https://openalex.org/W2000278097","https://openalex.org/W2000972911","https://openalex.org/W2003298782","https://openalex.org/W2027816595","https://openalex.org/W2051421671","https://openalex.org/W2053779282","https://openalex.org/W2054470790","https://openalex.org/W2054763603","https://openalex.org/W2064232302","https://openalex.org/W2070396136","https://openalex.org/W2072100938","https://openalex.org/W2078126008","https://openalex.org/W2084659363","https://openalex.org/W2089798746","https://openalex.org/W2090256289","https://openalex.org/W2094499006","https://openalex.org/W2096090228","https://openalex.org/W2097341054","https://openalex.org/W2098440088","https://openalex.org/W2099149969","https://openalex.org/W2101285105","https://openalex.org/W2106002960","https://openalex.org/W2111628008","https://openalex.org/W2115067809","https://openalex.org/W2116425403","https://openalex.org/W2140770338","https://openalex.org/W2142443449","https://openalex.org/W2143668703","https://openalex.org/W2146224120","https://openalex.org/W2148202382","https://openalex.org/W2152012034","https://openalex.org/W2157811055","https://openalex.org/W2158626808","https://openalex.org/W2159819284","https://openalex.org/W2163284576","https://openalex.org/W2163458855","https://openalex.org/W2164194011","https://openalex.org/W2166938544","https://openalex.org/W2184893243","https://openalex.org/W2188584082","https://openalex.org/W2251930641","https://openalex.org/W2329155589","https://openalex.org/W2335596987","https://openalex.org/W2504569776","https://openalex.org/W2593158337","https://openalex.org/W2767335254","https://openalex.org/W2796443302","https://openalex.org/W2918007204","https://openalex.org/W2953915181","https://openalex.org/W3135251679","https://openalex.org/W3149925164","https://openalex.org/W4207081475","https://openalex.org/W4235019056","https://openalex.org/W4240263639","https://openalex.org/W4244021162","https://openalex.org/W4244787211","https://openalex.org/W4247110574","https://openalex.org/W4247321322","https://openalex.org/W4251969259","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299432631","https://openalex.org/W4388250725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100043177","https://openalex.org/W1986652078","https://openalex.org/W2075243102","https://openalex.org/W7098318081","https://openalex.org/W2113129492","https://openalex.org/W2106601223","https://openalex.org/W2128666860","https://openalex.org/W2324405020","https://openalex.org/W4229459293","https://openalex.org/W2153944371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,178,266],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"ethnographic":[4],"case":[5,209],"study":[6],"of":[7,10,16,43,50,68,120,152,168,171,201,240,248,257,264,276],"the":[8,59,69,103,156,184,190,198,246,297],"use":[9],"race":[11,172,232,253],"in":[12,29,102,127,181,186,207,292],"two":[13],"interconnected":[14],"laboratories":[15],"medical":[17,228],"genetics.":[18],"Specifically,":[19],"it":[20,146],"examines":[21],"how":[22],"researchers":[23],"committed":[24],"to":[25,38,66,125,149,163,230,267,283,288],"reducing":[26],"health":[27,202,285],"disparities":[28,203,286],"Latinos":[30],"with":[31,215],"asthma":[32,96],"advance":[33],"hypotheses":[34],"and":[35,77,134,173,212,233,287],"structure":[36],"research":[37],"show":[39],"that":[40,61,141],"relative":[41],"frequencies":[42],"genetic":[44,89,121,195],"markers":[45,114],"characterize":[46],"commonly":[47],"understood":[48],"groupings":[49],"race.":[51],"They":[52],"do":[53],"this":[54,142,208,249],"first":[55],"by":[56,273,280],"unapologetically":[57],"advancing":[58],"idea":[60],"peoples":[62],"whom":[63],"they":[64,107,269,294],"take":[65],"be":[67,98,148],"'Old":[70],"World',":[71],"or":[72],"'Africans',":[73],"'Europeans',":[74],"'East":[75],"Asians',":[76],"'Native":[78],"Americans',":[79],"can":[80,97],"serve":[81],"as":[82,95,145,183,197,236,254,262,296],"putatively":[83],"pure":[84],"reference":[85],"populations":[86],"against":[87],"which":[88,116],"risk":[90],"for":[91,100,204],"common":[92,205],"diseases":[93],"such":[94],"calculated":[99],"those":[101],"'New":[104],"World'.":[105],"Technologically,":[106],"deploy":[108],"a":[109,118,150,166,224,255,281],"tool":[110],"called":[111],"ancestry":[112],"informative":[113],"(AIMs),":[115],"are":[117,270],"collection":[119],"sequence":[122],"variants":[123],"said":[124],"differ":[126],"present-day":[128],"West":[129],"Africans,":[130],"East":[131],"Asians,":[132],"Europeans,":[133],"(ideally":[135],"Pre-Columbian)":[136],"Native":[137],"Americans.":[138],"I":[139],"argue":[140],"technology,":[143],"compelling":[144],"may":[147],"range":[151],"actors":[153,244],"who":[154],"span":[155],"political":[157],"spectrum,":[158],"is,":[159],"at":[160,245],"base,":[161],"designed":[162],"bring":[164],"about":[165],"correspondence":[167,179],"familiar":[169],"ideas":[170],"supposed":[174],"socially":[175],"neutral":[176],"DNA.":[177],"happens,":[180],"part,":[182],"scientists":[185,222,263],"question":[187],"often":[188],"bracket":[189],"environment":[191],"while":[192],"privileging":[193],"racialized":[194],"variance":[196],"primary":[199],"source":[200],"disease,":[206],"between":[210],"Mexicans":[211],"Puerto":[213],"Ricans":[214],"asthma.":[216],"With":[217],"their":[218,258],"various":[219],"collaborators,":[220],"these":[221],"represent":[223],"growing":[225],"movement":[226],"within":[227],"genetics":[229],"re-consider":[231],"'racial":[234],"admixture'":[235],"biogenetically":[237],"valid":[238],"points":[239],"departure.":[241],"Furthermore,":[242],"many":[243],"center":[247],"ethnography":[250],"focus":[251],"on":[252],"function":[256],"personal":[259],"identity":[260],"politics":[261],"color.":[265],"say,":[268],"driven":[271],"not":[272],"racist":[274],"notions":[275],"human":[277],"difference,":[278],"but":[279],"commitment":[282],"reduce":[284],"include":[289],"'their'":[290],"communities":[291],"what":[293],"describe":[295],"'genetic":[298],"revolution'.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
