{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139196221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","title":"Stereotypes About People Living with HIV: Implications for Perceptions of HIV Risk and Testing Frequency Among At-Risk Populations","display_name":"Stereotypes About People Living with HIV: Implications for Perceptions of HIV Risk and Testing Frequency Among At-Risk Populations","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139196221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","mag":"2139196221","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23206205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98952145","display_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","issn_l":"0899-9546","issn":["0899-9546","1943-2755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3641644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089345961","display_name":"Valerie A. Earnshaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-3301","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-3301"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie A. Earnshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. valerie.earnshaw@yale.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. valerie.earnshaw@yale.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006621845","display_name":"Laramie R. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-3229","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-3229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laramie R. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["2 Department of Psychology and the Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2 Department of Psychology and the Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075403354","display_name":"Stephenie R. Chaudoir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-0351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9748-0351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24648388","display_name":"Bradley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kmeaw70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephenie R. Chaudoir","raw_affiliation_strings":["3 Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois","Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3 Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24648388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065854081","display_name":"I\u2010Ching Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-4435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-4435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Ching Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["4 Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan","Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University , Taipei , Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4 Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University , Taipei , Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael M. Copenhaver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Copenhaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["5 Department of Allied Health Sciences and the Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5 Department of Allied Health Sciences and the Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0634,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91229155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"574","last_page":"581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-stigma","display_name":"HIV stigma","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-testing","display_name":"HIV testing","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-risk-perception","display_name":"HIV risk perception","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"prejudice","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methadone-maintenance-treatment","display_name":"methadone maintenance treatment","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention","display_name":"HIV prevention","score":0.7369999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.7355494499206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.7273502349853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5320196151733398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5249521732330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163355716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154783","display_name":"Risk perception","level":3,"score":0.4569973349571228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137326","display_name":"Social stigma","level":3,"score":0.43323713541030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4231151044368744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3979813754558563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.35526424646377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3129016160964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.29471802711486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.23247161507606506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007722","descriptor_name":"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009511","descriptor_name":"New England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009511","descriptor_name":"New England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009511","descriptor_name":"New England","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010342","descriptor_name":"Patient Acceptance of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011287","descriptor_name":"Prejudice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013240","descriptor_name":"Stereotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013240","descriptor_name":"Stereotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013240","descriptor_name":"Stereotyping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040242","descriptor_name":"Risk Reduction Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040242","descriptor_name":"Risk Reduction Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040242","descriptor_name":"Risk Reduction Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057545","descriptor_name":"Social Stigma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057545","descriptor_name":"Social Stigma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057545","descriptor_name":"Social Stigma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D063508","descriptor_name":"Social Discrimination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063508","descriptor_name":"Social Discrimination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063508","descriptor_name":"Social Discrimination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2012.24.6.574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98952145","display_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","issn_l":"0899-9546","issn":["0899-9546","1943-2755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315796","host_organization_name":"Guilford Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315796"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Guilford Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Education and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23206205","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23206205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2642938","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3641644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3641644","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3641644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Educ Prev","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3641644","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3641644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AIDS Educ Prev","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443228327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32MH020031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1584977667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 DA022122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2815569246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F31 MH093264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3133917704","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K02 DA033139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1815596065","https://openalex.org/W1849190772","https://openalex.org/W1905921595","https://openalex.org/W1984118880","https://openalex.org/W1986977853","https://openalex.org/W1998574621","https://openalex.org/W2004221861","https://openalex.org/W2019691658","https://openalex.org/W2020591303","https://openalex.org/W2034512260","https://openalex.org/W2039010605","https://openalex.org/W2090066891","https://openalex.org/W2091069417","https://openalex.org/W2095752991","https://openalex.org/W2104057213","https://openalex.org/W2108599363","https://openalex.org/W2131274183","https://openalex.org/W2136821653","https://openalex.org/W2145046219","https://openalex.org/W2170794184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098662086","https://openalex.org/W4237813139","https://openalex.org/W4232790693","https://openalex.org/W4254891969","https://openalex.org/W2883500993","https://openalex.org/W3177095879","https://openalex.org/W3043073196","https://openalex.org/W2024942612","https://openalex.org/W2588937149","https://openalex.org/W4285215927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"research":[1],"continues":[2],"to":[3,126,131],"demonstrate":[4],"that":[5,42,82],"HIV":[6,12,32,43,55,83,88,95,103,110,114,129,133,137],"stigma":[7,33,115,130],"is":[8],"associated":[9,53,86,107],"with":[10,54,87,108],"decreased":[11],"testing,":[13],"the":[14,31,71,91],"psychological":[15],"processes":[16],"implicated":[17],"in":[18,70,117,128],"this":[19,26],"association":[20],"remain":[21],"unclear.":[22],"The":[23],"authors":[24],"address":[25],"gap":[27],"by":[28,76],"differentiating":[29],"between":[30,113],"mechanisms":[34,116],"of":[35,93],"stereotypes,":[36],"prejudice,":[37,99],"and":[38,101,135],"discrimination.":[39],"They":[40],"hypothesize":[41],"stereotypes":[44,84],"specifically,":[45],"more":[46],"so":[47],"than":[48],"prejudice":[49],"or":[50],"discrimination,":[51,100],"are":[52,85],"testing":[56,89,134],"among":[57,139],"at-risk":[58,140],"populations.":[59,141],"Ninety-three":[60],"HIV-negative":[61],"people":[62],"receiving":[63],"methadone":[64],"maintenance":[65],"therapy":[66],"at":[67],"a":[68,78],"clinic":[69],"northeastern":[72],"United":[73],"States":[74],"participated":[75],"completing":[77],"survey.":[79],"Results":[80],"demonstrated":[81],"via":[90],"mediator":[92],"perceived":[94,109],"risk.":[96,111],"As":[97],"hypothesized,":[98],"objective":[102],"risk":[104],"were":[105],"not":[106],"Differentiating":[112],"future":[118],"work":[119],"can":[120],"provide":[121],"critical":[122],"insight":[123],"into":[124],"how":[125],"intervene":[127],"increase":[132],"improve":[136],"prevention":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
