{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139158368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","title":"Phased array pulse Doppler tomography","display_name":"Phased array pulse Doppler tomography","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139158368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","mag":"2139158368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177450","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","issn_l":"1051-0117","issn":["1051-0117","1551-3025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 1991 Ultrasonics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006943592","display_name":"H. Ermert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Ermert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013405150","display_name":"Ralf Hammentgen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Hammentgen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinic of Cardiology, Cardiac Center NRW, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinic of Cardiology, Cardiac Center NRW, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr University, Bochum, #N#Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2809093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1273","last_page":"1276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-ultrasound","display_name":"Doppler ultrasound","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-arrays","display_name":"phased arrays","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-flow-imaging","display_name":"color flow imaging","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighted-averaging","display_name":"weighted averaging","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares","display_name":"least squares","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-flow-imaging","display_name":"blood flow imaging","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5737758874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5277652740478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5131803154945374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47046196460723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46031779050827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4369887411594391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43460002541542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4337879717350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.42262911796569824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4187563359737396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.380656898021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37217023968696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.36935263872146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3576551675796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34785833954811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2568567395210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20223882794380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1991.234060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177450","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings - IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium","issn_l":"1051-0117","issn":["1051-0117","1551-3025"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE 1991 Ultrasonics Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1801112888","https://openalex.org/W1970571345","https://openalex.org/W2046539352","https://openalex.org/W2104165424","https://openalex.org/W2117754260","https://openalex.org/W4234842847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371035601","https://openalex.org/W3014038144","https://openalex.org/W2087980740","https://openalex.org/W2085080199","https://openalex.org/W2356110154","https://openalex.org/W4361195739","https://openalex.org/W2370491990","https://openalex.org/W1996835655","https://openalex.org/W2155053191","https://openalex.org/W2217787264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"major":[1],"problem":[2],"in":[3,18],"ultrasound":[4],"Doppler":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"the":[8,13,28,31,54,92,99],"lack":[9],"of":[10,12,30,77,84,104],"quantitation":[11],"complete":[14],"vectorial":[15,78],"velocity":[16,32,43,79],"distribution":[17],"a":[19,38],"cross-sectional":[20],"plane.":[21],"The":[22,88],"authors":[23],"derive":[24],"general":[25],"formulae":[26],"for":[27],"magnitude":[29],"and":[33,111],"its":[34],"direction":[35],"relative":[36],"to":[37,52,97],"known":[39],"coordinate":[40],"system":[41],"using":[42],"components":[44],"measured":[45],"from":[46,82],"two":[47,57,62],"beam":[48],"directions.":[49],"In":[50],"order":[51],"improve":[53],"imaging":[55,105],"quality,":[56],"methods":[58],"combining":[59],"more":[60],"than":[61],"conventional":[63],"color":[64,85],"flow":[65,86],"images":[66],"appropriately":[67],"are":[68,114],"developed.":[69],"One":[70],"method":[71,90],"is":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74],"weighted":[75],"averaging":[76],"fields":[80],"computed":[81],"pairs":[83],"images.":[87],"other":[89],"employs":[91],"least":[93],"squares":[94],"approach,":[95],"attempting":[96],"increase":[98],"signal-to-noise":[100],"ratio.":[101],"Some":[102],"results":[103],"experiments":[106],"with":[107],"both":[108],"artificial":[109],"objects":[110],"clinical":[112],"data":[113],"presented.>":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-06T10:28:23.643775","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}