{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139156727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","title":"Subtle issues in model specification and estimation of marginal structural models","display_name":"Subtle issues in model specification and estimation of marginal structural models","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139156727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","mag":"2139156727","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/pds.2306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140231191","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","issn_l":"1053-8569","issn":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643710","display_name":"Wei Peter Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-4389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-4389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067046453","display_name":"Marshall M. Joffe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marshall M. Joffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100643710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":4650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89878012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"241","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marginal-structural-models","display_name":"marginal structural models","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-varying-confounding","display_name":"time-varying confounding","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting","display_name":"inverse probability of treatment weighting","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-specification","display_name":"model specification","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intention-to-treat-effect","display_name":"intention-to-treat effect","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angiotensin-receptor-blockers","display_name":"angiotensin receptor blockers","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-heart-failure","display_name":"chronic heart failure","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26831200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16963953","display_name":"Marginal structural model","level":3,"score":0.960377037525177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.7819488048553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7471027374267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117222624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575010","display_name":"Specification","level":2,"score":0.6121360063552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6065084338188171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779915747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17058619","display_name":"Inverse probability weighting","level":3,"score":0.554113507270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23276603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158230","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","level":3,"score":0.5462654232978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5445667505264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4914799928665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.32374268770217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.22250473499298096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20671430230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.14276477694511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12940582633018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08771929144859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068756","descriptor_name":"Valsartan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077405","descriptor_name":"Irbesartan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001562","descriptor_name":"Benzimidazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001713","descriptor_name":"Biphenyl Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006333","descriptor_name":"Heart Failure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013777","descriptor_name":"Tetrazoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014633","descriptor_name":"Valine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019808","descriptor_name":"Losartan","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057911","descriptor_name":"Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/pds.2306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.2306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140231191","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","issn_l":"1053-8569","issn":["1053-8569","1099-1557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22509500","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22509500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7246000170707703,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008662928","https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W2031392253","https://openalex.org/W2059527039","https://openalex.org/W2062359643","https://openalex.org/W2082299845","https://openalex.org/W2104344587","https://openalex.org/W2111078766","https://openalex.org/W2114884940","https://openalex.org/W2121983778","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W4299515571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940021211","https://openalex.org/W3121689163","https://openalex.org/W2009187570","https://openalex.org/W7163827328","https://openalex.org/W2921476564","https://openalex.org/W2082644600","https://openalex.org/W1840268942","https://openalex.org/W3142439215","https://openalex.org/W2588103555","https://openalex.org/W2021583648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,52,84],"review":[1],"the":[2,9,63,78,82,86,89],"concept":[3],"of":[4,15,22,45,62,77,105,108],"time-dependent":[5],"confounding":[6],"by":[7,30,41,102],"using":[8,42],"example":[10],"in":[11,24,60,75,92,98],"paper":[12],"\"Comparative":[13],"effectiveness":[14],"individual":[16],"angiotensin":[17],"receptor":[18],"blockers":[19],"on":[20],"risk":[21],"mortality":[23],"patients":[25],"with":[26],"chronic":[27],"heart":[28],"failure\"":[29],"Desai":[31],"et":[32],"al.":[33],"and":[34,74,94],"illustrate":[35],"how":[36],"to":[37,68],"adjust":[38],"for":[39,65,81],"it":[40],"inverse":[43],"probability":[44],"treatment":[46,66],"weighting":[47],"through":[48],"a":[49,54],"simulated":[50],"example.":[51],"discuss":[53,85],"few":[55],"subtle":[56],"issues":[57],"that":[58],"arise":[59],"specification":[61,76],"model":[64,80],"required":[67],"fit":[69],"marginal":[70],"structural":[71,79],"models":[72],"(MSMs)":[73],"outcome.":[83],"differences":[87],"between":[88],"effects":[90,96],"estimated":[91,97],"MSMs":[93],"intention-to-treat":[95],"randomized":[99],"trials,":[100],"followed":[101],"an":[103],"outline":[104],"some":[106],"limitations":[107],"MSMs.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
