{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139139625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","title":"Growth and characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed laser deposition","display_name":"Growth and characterization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed laser deposition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139139625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","mag":"2139139625","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24959108","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4059471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1556-276X-9-280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55093224","display_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","issn_l":"1556-276X","issn":["1556-276X","1931-7573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1556-276X-9-280.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049178126","display_name":"Shih-Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-4572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-4572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108600573","display_name":"Dan\u2010Hua Hsieh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan-Hua Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056169752","display_name":"Hsin Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112485057","display_name":"Yu-Kuang Liao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Kuang Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045848982","display_name":"Fang\u2010I Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-8102","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-8102"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang-I Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photonic Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan","Department of Photonic Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonic Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonic Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036277310","display_name":"Chyong\u2010Hua Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chyong-Hua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018480547","display_name":"Chih\u2010Wei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-7435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6453-7435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih Wei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073495948","display_name":"Jenh\u2010Yih Juang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-9015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-9015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenh-Yih Juang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012327097","display_name":"Yu\u2010Lun Chueh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-9987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-9987"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Lun Chueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan","Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040933872","display_name":"Kaung\u2010Hsiung Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-3350","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-3350"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaung-Hsiung Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung Univ., Hsinchu, TAIWAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049959239","display_name":"Hao\u2010Chung Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-4649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Chung Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering., National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012327097","https://openalex.org/A5040933872","https://openalex.org/A5049959239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"apc_paid":{"value":1790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1790},"fwci":1.7838,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85189797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"280","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu-in-ga-se2-thin-films","display_name":"Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/femtosecond-pulsed-laser-deposition","display_name":"femtosecond pulsed laser deposition","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-produced-plasma","display_name":"laser-produced plasma","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-growth-mechanism","display_name":"film growth mechanism","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-voids","display_name":"air voids","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antireflection","display_name":"antireflection","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-structure","display_name":"crystal structure","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-defects","display_name":"radiative defects","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoluminescence","display_name":"photoluminescence","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-transport","display_name":"carrier transport","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-absorbers","display_name":"photovoltaic absorber materials","score":0.5920000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8413445353507996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191716631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31887","display_name":"Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells","level":3,"score":0.8089821338653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.7823604345321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37982897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901321","display_name":"Pulsed laser deposition","level":3,"score":0.692097544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.665374219417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167735695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777507","display_name":"Femtosecond","level":3,"score":0.6099884510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85080765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614893","display_name":"Photoluminescence","level":2,"score":0.6042121648788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.576336145401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180238147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1443081","display_name":"Nanochemistry","level":2,"score":0.4317149817943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4185766875743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.37022894620895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.35057923197746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27895545959472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2700594961643219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.06940707564353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1556-276X-9-280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55093224","display_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","issn_l":"1556-276X","issn":["1556-276X","1931-7573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24959108","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24959108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale research letters","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4059471","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4059471/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale Res Lett","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-280","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1556-276X-9-280.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55093224","display_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","issn_l":"1556-276X","issn":["1556-276X","1931-7573"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1004181655","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"102N2022E1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","funder_display_name":"National Tsing Hua University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5616106308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"102N2744E1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","funder_display_name":"National Tsing Hua University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323092","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139139625.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139139625.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84014075","https://openalex.org/W1602182676","https://openalex.org/W1646378800","https://openalex.org/W2002798304","https://openalex.org/W2016681947","https://openalex.org/W2020318405","https://openalex.org/W2028423424","https://openalex.org/W2030146483","https://openalex.org/W2043268902","https://openalex.org/W2043824734","https://openalex.org/W2045946278","https://openalex.org/W2046337874","https://openalex.org/W2057853220","https://openalex.org/W2069853869","https://openalex.org/W2075460538","https://openalex.org/W2087024911","https://openalex.org/W2111205813","https://openalex.org/W2143092384","https://openalex.org/W2153432543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032966246","https://openalex.org/W2134518605","https://openalex.org/W2043268902","https://openalex.org/W2244200993","https://openalex.org/W3013883679","https://openalex.org/W2005501518","https://openalex.org/W1987842041","https://openalex.org/W4389818453","https://openalex.org/W2007414815","https://openalex.org/W2143092384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"CuIn1":[3],"-":[4,48],"x":[5,7,49],"Ga":[6],"Se2":[8],"(CIGS)":[9],"thin":[10,59,75,115,149],"films":[11,116,150],"were":[12,28,69,129],"prepared":[13],"by":[14,90,105,131],"nanosecond":[15],"(ns)-":[16],"and":[17,36,51,65,112,135],"femtosecond":[18],"(fs)-pulsed":[19],"laser":[20],"deposition":[21],"(PLD)":[22],"processes.":[23],"Different":[24],"film":[25],"growth":[26],"mechanisms":[27],"discussed":[29],"in":[30,56,71,83,96,126],"perspective":[31],"of":[32,86,94,110],"the":[33,44,62,72,81,91,97,121],"laser-produced":[34],"plasmas":[35],"crystal":[37],"structures.":[38],"The":[39,77,138],"fs-PLD":[40,98,113,127],"has":[41,101],"successfully":[42],"improved":[43],"inherent":[45],"flaws,":[46],"Cu2":[47],"Se,":[50],"air":[52],"voids":[53],"ubiquitously":[54],"observed":[55],"ns-PLD-derived":[57],"CIGS":[58,74,114,128,148],"films.":[60,76],"Moreover,":[61],"prominent":[63],"antireflection":[64],"excellent":[66],"crystalline":[67],"structures":[68],"obtained":[70],"fs-PLD-derived":[73],"absorption":[78],"spectra":[79,109],"suggest":[80],"divergence":[82],"energy":[84],"levels":[85],"radiative":[87],"defects":[88],"brought":[89],"inhomogeneous":[92],"distribution":[93],"elements":[95],"CIGS,":[99],"which":[100],"also":[102],"been":[103],"supported":[104],"comparing":[106],"photoluminescence":[107],"(PL)":[108],"ns-":[111],"at":[117],"15":[118],"K.":[119],"Finally,":[120],"superior":[122],"carrier":[123],"transport":[124],"properties":[125],"confirmed":[130],"fs":[132],"pump-probe":[133],"spectroscopy":[134],"four-probe":[136],"measurements.":[137],"present":[139],"results":[140],"indicate":[141],"a":[142],"promising":[143],"way":[144],"for":[145],"preparing":[146],"high-quality":[147],"via":[151],"fs-PLD.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}