{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139127187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","title":"The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","display_name":"The alpha-2A adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine improves sustained attention and reduces overactivity and impulsiveness in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139127187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","mag":"2139127187","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17173664","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1764416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","pdf_url":"https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202417740","display_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","issn_l":"1744-9081","issn":["1744-9081"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066363929","display_name":"Terje Sagvolden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Terje Sagvolden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Norway. terje.sagvolden@medisin.uio.no","Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Norway. terje.sagvolden@medisin.uio.no","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066363929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":3.6525,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9249504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10537","display_name":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guanfacine","display_name":"guanfacine","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder","display_name":"attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spontaneously-hypertensive-rats","display_name":"spontaneously hypertensive rats","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overactivity","display_name":"overactivity","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulsivity","display_name":"impulsivity","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-attention","display_name":"sustained attention","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-system","display_name":"noradrenergic system","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"prefrontal cortex","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norepinephrine","display_name":"norepinephrine","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-discrimination-task","display_name":"visual discrimination task","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-model-of-adhd","display_name":"animal model of ADHD","score":0.7929999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780815205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5613599","display_name":"Guanfacine","level":3,"score":0.9871134161949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181923","display_name":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","level":2,"score":0.6669337749481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.6141712069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778514916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186242","display_name":"Norepinephrine","level":3,"score":0.5650416612625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.5541474223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.55024254322052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13348194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288084","display_name":"Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor","level":3,"score":0.5244003534317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.47264331579208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47099488973617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4456237852573395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778086073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7579064","display_name":"Spontaneously hypertensive rat","level":3,"score":0.4359641373157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778781522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417240","display_name":"Atomoxetine","level":4,"score":0.415638267993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40194177627563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3875889182090759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3400062918663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777112843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422112","display_name":"Methylphenidate","level":3,"score":0.3050752878189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.261235773563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.18779990077018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.18480804562568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778399450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412221","display_name":"Clonidine","level":2,"score":0.1558971107006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0903979241847992}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","pdf_url":"https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202417740","display_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","issn_l":"1744-9081","issn":["1744-9081"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1764416","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1764416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behav Brain Funct","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:17173664","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17173664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral and brain functions : BBF","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.278.9944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.278.9944","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/58/c6/Behav_Brain_Funct_2006_Dec_15_2_41.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40a8568657c44f5cabe6465b802297f3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40a8568657c44f5cabe6465b802297f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions, Vol 2, Iss 1, p 41 (2006)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/46337","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/46337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","pdf_url":"https://behavioralandbrainfunctions.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1744-9081-2-41","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202417740","display_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","issn_l":"1744-9081","issn":["1744-9081"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139127187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139127187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280676624","https://openalex.org/W623985786","https://openalex.org/W1964773012","https://openalex.org/W1972639908","https://openalex.org/W1978427046","https://openalex.org/W1999326093","https://openalex.org/W2008123860","https://openalex.org/W2008226573","https://openalex.org/W2027137210","https://openalex.org/W2028600961","https://openalex.org/W2029099271","https://openalex.org/W2031534534","https://openalex.org/W2032807853","https://openalex.org/W2042348492","https://openalex.org/W2058706567","https://openalex.org/W2062360959","https://openalex.org/W2070619076","https://openalex.org/W2093858904","https://openalex.org/W2104830836","https://openalex.org/W2106131177","https://openalex.org/W2124264649","https://openalex.org/W2140774080","https://openalex.org/W2147895697","https://openalex.org/W2148856395","https://openalex.org/W3022868799","https://openalex.org/W4388243819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3137856985","https://openalex.org/W1995384231","https://openalex.org/W7100933762","https://openalex.org/W4316664556","https://openalex.org/W4220688540","https://openalex.org/W2792459481","https://openalex.org/W2142073097","https://openalex.org/W1982166376","https://openalex.org/W1585514079","https://openalex.org/W2130650103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"ADHD":[1,41,265],"is":[2,29,35,43,82,278],"currently":[3],"defined":[4],"as":[5,23,99],"a":[6,100,162],"cognitive/behavioral":[7],"developmental":[8],"disorder":[9],"where":[10],"all":[11],"clinical":[12,26],"criteria":[13],"are":[14,20,90,299],"behavioral.":[15],"Overactivity,":[16],"impulsiveness,":[17,74,174],"and":[18,48,75,140,149,169,176,206,269],"inattentiveness":[19],"presently":[21],"regarded":[22],"the":[24,56,66,108,115,152,184,201,220,226,229,246,259,286,294,297],"main":[25],"symptoms.":[27],"There":[28],"no":[30],"biological":[31],"marker,":[32],"but":[33],"there":[34],"considerable":[36],"evidence":[37],"to":[38,96],"suggest":[39],"that":[40,54,235,244,280,293],"behavior":[42,158,197,266],"associated":[44],"with":[45,161,189],"poor":[46,238],"dopaminergic":[47],"noradrenergic":[49,93,239],"modulation":[50,240],"of":[51,64,102,114,132,136,209,219,228,241,253,262,274,296],"neuronal":[52,242],"circuits":[53,243],"involve":[55,245],"frontal":[57,247,275],"lobes.":[58],"The":[59,92,126,172,191,216,232,255],"best":[60],"validated":[61],"animal":[62,251],"model":[63,252],"ADHD,":[65],"Spontaneously":[67],"Hypertensive":[68],"Rat":[69],"(SHR),":[70],"shows":[71],"pronounced":[72,193],"overactivity,":[73,167,175],"deficient":[76],"sustained":[77,178],"attention.":[78],"While":[79],"dopamine":[80],"release":[81],"decreased":[83],"in":[84,145,183,195,249,271,285],"SHR":[85,123,185,196,212],"prefrontal":[86,283],"cortex,":[87],"norepinephrine":[88],"concentrations":[89],"elevated.":[91],"system":[94],"appears":[95],"be":[97,290],"hyperactive":[98],"result":[101],"impaired":[103],"alpha-2A":[104,118],"adrenoceptor":[105,119],"regulation.":[106],"Thus,":[107],"present":[109,127,256],"study":[110,128],"tested":[111,129,160],"behavioral":[112,130],"effects":[113,131,218,261,295],"centrally":[116],"acting":[117],"agonist":[120],"guanfacine":[121,133,210,236,263,281],"on":[122,264],"behavior.":[124],"METHODS:":[125],"at":[134],"doses":[135,204],"0.075,":[137],"0.15,":[138],"0.30":[139],"0.60":[141],"mg":[142],"base/kg":[143],"i.p.":[144],"both":[146],"male":[147],"SHRs":[148],"their":[150],"controls,":[151],"Wistar":[153],"Kyoto":[154],"rat":[155],"(WKY).":[156],"ADHD-like":[157],"was":[159,198],"visual":[163],"discrimination":[164],"task":[165],"measuring":[166],"impulsiveness":[168],"inattentiveness.":[170],"RESULTS:":[171],"striking":[173],"reduced":[177],"attention":[179],"during":[180],"baseline":[181],"conditions":[182],"improved":[186,237,282],"by":[187,302],"treatment":[188],"guanfacine.":[190],"most":[192,223],"improvement":[194],"seen":[199],"following":[200],"two":[202],"highest":[203],"(0.3":[205],"0.6":[207],"mg/kg)":[208],"when":[211],"behaviors":[213],"virtually":[214],"normalized.":[215],"positive":[217],"drug":[221,298],"were":[222],"marked":[224],"towards":[225],"end":[227],"session.":[230],"CONCLUSION:":[231],"results":[233,257],"indicate":[234],"lobes":[248],"an":[250],"ADHD.":[254],"support":[258],"beneficial":[260],"reported":[267],"clinically":[268],"experimentally":[270],"primate":[272],"models":[273],"function.":[276],"It":[277,288],"likely":[279],"functions":[284],"SHR.":[287],"cannot":[289],"concluded,":[291],"however,":[292],"mediated":[300],"solely":[301],"norepinephrine.":[303]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}