{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139096464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","title":"Radiographic Imaging and Possible Causes of a Carpal Varus Deformity in an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)","display_name":"Radiographic Imaging and Possible Causes of a Carpal Varus Deformity in an Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus)","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139096464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","mag":"2139096464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21370652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1638/2009-0168.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207406949","display_name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","issn_l":"1042-7260","issn":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800785","host_organization_name":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Zoo Veterinarians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001912424","display_name":"Carola Kaulfers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189991","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/015qjqf64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carola Kaulfers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany","From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019318776","display_name":"Florian Geburek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-9055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-9055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189991","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/015qjqf64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260547","display_name":"Zoo Hannover gGmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/03xsf9s97","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Geburek","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991","https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056776332","display_name":"Karsten Feige","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-7670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-7670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189991","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/015qjqf64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260547","display_name":"Zoo Hannover gGmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/03xsf9s97","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Feige","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991","https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016299599","display_name":"Andreas Knieriem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189991","display_name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/015qjqf64","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260547","display_name":"Zoo Hannover gGmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/03xsf9s97","country_code":"DE","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Knieriem","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige); and the Hannover Zoo, Adenauerallee 3, D-30175 Hannover, Germany (Knieriem). Correspondence should be directed to Dr. Geburek (florian.geburek@tiho-hannover.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991","https://openalex.org/I4405260547"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 9, D-30559 Hannover, Germany (Kaulfers, Geburek, Feige)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001912424","https://openalex.org/A5016299599","https://openalex.org/A5019318776","https://openalex.org/A5056776332"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189991","https://openalex.org/I4405260547"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67277167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"697","last_page":"702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12249","display_name":"Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12249","display_name":"Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10872","display_name":"Veterinary Equine Medical Research","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3402","display_name":"Equine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13100","display_name":"Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2702","display_name":"Anatomy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asian-elephant","display_name":"Asian elephant","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"wrist","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiographic-technique","display_name":"radiographic technique","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subluxation","display_name":"subluxation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-carpal-joint","display_name":"middle carpal joint","score":0.9440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.7823214530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7220193147659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776959937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310746","display_name":"Elephas","level":2,"score":0.7115027904510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777695862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199507","display_name":"Ulna","level":2,"score":0.6990650296211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776824190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753108","display_name":"Subluxation","level":3,"score":0.6926429867744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908829342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19919907","display_name":"Carpal Joint","level":3,"score":0.6782801151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182746","display_name":"Deformity","level":2,"score":0.6351901292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779789666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232377","display_name":"Carpal bones","level":3,"score":0.5903618335723877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443822","display_name":"Varus deformity","level":4,"score":0.5854877233505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.4951139986515045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801229","display_name":"Epiphysis","level":2,"score":0.4209575355052948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4203830063343048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104148171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248453","display_name":"Physis","level":3,"score":0.41668492555618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.36833426356315613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.2982456088066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.28053224086761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0952775776386261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000836","descriptor_name":"Animals, Zoo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004606","descriptor_name":"Elephants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005552","descriptor_name":"Forelimb","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005552","descriptor_name":"Forelimb","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1638/2009-0168.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1638/2009-0168.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207406949","display_name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","issn_l":"1042-7260","issn":["1042-7260","1937-2825"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800785","host_organization_name":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Zoo Veterinarians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21370652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21370652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:10.1638/2009-0168.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1638/2009-0168.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W328466387","https://openalex.org/W1549786116","https://openalex.org/W1564694159","https://openalex.org/W1577542660","https://openalex.org/W1976475856","https://openalex.org/W2032664776","https://openalex.org/W2048278450","https://openalex.org/W2476294401","https://openalex.org/W4409135709"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099297208","https://openalex.org/W2032664776","https://openalex.org/W7216903688","https://openalex.org/W7077083114","https://openalex.org/W3119247508","https://openalex.org/W7216831483","https://openalex.org/W2476300293","https://openalex.org/W3144769624","https://openalex.org/W3128096063","https://openalex.org/W4384825283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"carpal":[1,51,101,128],"region":[2,75,129],"of":[3,15,49,65,69,76,79,88,98,108,130],"an":[4,131,142],"Asian":[5,133],"elephant":[6,134],"(Elephas":[7],"maximus)":[8],"with":[9,21,135],"a":[10,22,33,46,58,63,85,121,136],"clinically":[11],"obvious":[12],"varus":[13,137],"deformity":[14,138],"the":[16,38,42,50,66,74,80,89,99,109,127],"carpus":[17],"was":[18],"examined":[19],"radiographically":[20],"standard":[23],"portable":[24],"x-ray":[25],"unit.":[26],"Several":[27],"dorsopalmar":[28],"radiographs":[29,53],"were":[30,54],"taken":[31],"at":[32],"short":[34],"source-to-image":[35],"distance,":[36],"moving":[37],"beam":[39],"center":[40],"along":[41],"carpus.":[43],"To":[44],"obtain":[45],"single":[47,148],"image":[48,149],"region,":[52],"assembled":[55],"digitally":[56],"using":[57],"composite":[59],"technique.":[60],"Radiographs":[61],"revealed":[62],"deviation":[64],"limb's":[67],"axis":[68],"approximately":[70],"25":[71],"degrees":[72],"in":[73,126],"distal":[77],"physis":[78],"radius":[81],"and":[82,84,96,139],"ulna":[83],"wedge-shaped":[86],"epiphysis":[87],"ulna.":[90],"Healed":[91],"physitis":[92],"due":[93],"to":[94,116,119,145],"trauma":[95],"subluxation":[97],"middle":[100],"joint":[102],"are":[103],"discussed":[104],"as":[105],"possible":[106],"causes":[107],"deformity.":[110],"radiographic":[112],"technique":[113],"described":[114,147],"proved":[115],"be":[117,141],"helpful":[118],"evaluate":[120],"relatively":[122],"large":[123],"anatomic":[124],"area":[125],"adult":[132],"may":[140],"alternative":[143],"tool":[144],"previously":[146],"radiography.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}