{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139091742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","title":"The Effect of Piston Cooling Jets on Diesel Engine Piston Temperatures, Emissions and Fuel Consumption","display_name":"The Effect of Piston Cooling Jets on Diesel Engine Piston Temperatures, Emissions and Fuel Consumption","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139091742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","mag":"2139091742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4271/2012-01-1212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3936","issn":["1946-3936","1946-3944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059059928","display_name":"David C. Luff","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Luff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023421698","display_name":"Theo Law","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theo Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029994624","display_name":"Paul J. Shayler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-8729","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-8729"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Shayler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nottingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nottingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109909610","display_name":"Ian G. Pegg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292974536","display_name":"Ford Motor Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Pegg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ford Motor Co"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ford Motor Co","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292974536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.814249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"3","first_page":"1300","last_page":"1311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.8324999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":0.15109999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-engines","display_name":"diesel engines","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piston-temperature","display_name":"piston temperature","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox-emissions","display_name":"NOx emissions","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide-emissions","display_name":"carbon monoxide emissions","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrocarbon-emissions","display_name":"hydrocarbon emissions","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-consumption","display_name":"fuel consumption","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-out-emissions","display_name":"engine-out emissions","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nedc-driving-cycle","display_name":"NEDC driving cycle","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-duty-diesel-engine","display_name":"light-duty diesel engine","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199524791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7198512","display_name":"Piston (optics)","level":3,"score":0.8398412466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.6380165815353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45882903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042317","display_name":"Fuel efficiency","level":2,"score":0.6159605979919434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780804531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174","display_name":"Diesel engine","level":2,"score":0.5662747621536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5075046420097351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.48274749517440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132646400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929429","display_name":"Internal combustion engine cooling","level":4,"score":0.43643203377723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.395871102809906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3341606855392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24458497762680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.1931537687778473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14977237582206726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1322687268257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106169591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909434","display_name":"Combustion chamber","level":3,"score":0.12935063242912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4271/2012-01-1212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764835558","display_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","issn_l":"1946-3936","issn":["1946-3936","1946-3944"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614468","host_organization_name":"SAE International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614468"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAE International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SAE International Journal of Engines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307103","display_name":"Ford Motor Company","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2tkw06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613963940","https://openalex.org/W1484342237","https://openalex.org/W1520353530","https://openalex.org/W1535506542","https://openalex.org/W1542829987","https://openalex.org/W1568522016","https://openalex.org/W1635470742","https://openalex.org/W1997838278","https://openalex.org/W2077227252","https://openalex.org/W2084401602","https://openalex.org/W2107691711","https://openalex.org/W2247169203","https://openalex.org/W2266704671","https://openalex.org/W4249537051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7156000847","https://openalex.org/W4362718156","https://openalex.org/W7081584791","https://openalex.org/W1512511363","https://openalex.org/W2329717179","https://openalex.org/W2071411354","https://openalex.org/W2080282392","https://openalex.org/W3035612817","https://openalex.org/W2767970506","https://openalex.org/W2238523674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Ford":[1],"2.4-liter":[2],"115PS":[3],"light-duty":[4],"diesel":[5],"engine":[6,40],"was":[7],"modified":[8],"to":[9,17,24,60,122,152],"allow":[10],"solenoid":[11],"control":[12,130],"of":[13,34,70,80,88,96,131,138,145],"the":[14,18,35,52,75,97,120,123,132,143,153,156],"oil":[15],"feed":[16],"piston":[19,38,56],"cooling":[20],"jets,":[21],"enabling":[22],"these":[23],"be":[25,61,168],"switched":[26,54],"on":[27,30,37,159],"or":[28],"off":[29,74],"demand.":[31],"The":[32,161],"influence":[33],"jets":[36,53,76,133,157],"temperatures,":[39],"thermal":[41],"state,":[42],"gaseous":[43],"emissions":[44,79,87,137],"and":[45,64,85,100,113],"fuel":[46,165],"economy":[47],"has":[48],"been":[49],"investigated.":[50],"With":[51],"off,":[55],"temperatures":[57],"were":[58,95,101],"measured":[59],"between":[62],"23":[63],"88\u00b0C":[65],"higher.":[66],"Across":[67],"a":[68,146],"range":[69],"speed-load":[71],"points,":[72],"switching":[73],"increased":[77,108],"engine-out":[78,136],"NOx":[81],"typically":[82],"by":[83,90,140],"3%,":[84],"reduced":[86],"CO":[89,139],"5-10%.":[91],"Changes":[92],"in":[93,149,164],"HC":[94],"same":[98],"order":[99],"reductions":[102],"at":[103,109,115,142],"most":[104],"conditions.":[105,118],"Fuel":[106],"consumption":[107,166],"low-speed,":[110],"high-load":[111],"conditions":[112],"decreased":[114],"high-speed,":[116],"low-load":[117],"Applying":[119],"results":[121],"NEDC":[124],"drive":[125],"cycle":[126],"suggests":[127],"active":[128],"on/off":[129],"could":[134],"reduce":[135],"6%,":[141],"expense":[144],"1%":[147],"increase":[148],"NOx,":[150],"compared":[151],"case":[154],"when":[155],"are":[158],"continuously.":[160],"corresponding":[162],"change":[163],"would":[167],"insignificant.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}