{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139079346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","title":"Ecological character displacement in Plethodon : Biomechanical differences found from a geometric morphometric study","display_name":"Ecological character displacement in Plethodon : Biomechanical differences found from a geometric morphometric study","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139079346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","mag":"2139079346","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10760280","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/18164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2139079346"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC18164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079347387","display_name":"Dean C. Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-7894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9172-7894","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-3401"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean C. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062254329","display_name":"F. James Rohlf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-3679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-3679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59553526","display_name":"Stony Brook University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qghxh33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. James Rohlf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59553526"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":337,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98471938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"97","issue":"8","first_page":"4106","last_page":"4111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.8583999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10332","display_name":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","score":0.10779999941587448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-character-displacement","display_name":"ecological character displacement","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plethodon-cinereus","display_name":"Plethodon cinereus","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salamanders","display_name":"salamanders","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-competition","display_name":"interspecific competition","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympatry","display_name":"sympatry","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allopatry","display_name":"allopatry","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaw-biomechanics","display_name":"jaw biomechanics","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-utilization","display_name":"food utilization","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trophic-morphology","display_name":"trophic morphology","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-differentiation","display_name":"morphological differentiation","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-morphology","display_name":"functional morphology","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53889494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240247","display_name":"Sympatric speciation","level":2,"score":0.9490747451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115225378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853848","display_name":"Allopatric speciation","level":3,"score":0.9237123727798462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116407","display_name":"Character displacement","level":4,"score":0.8944815397262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92274894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246431","display_name":"Sympatry","level":3,"score":0.8290108442306519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7890481948852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5885988473892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72958200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053008","display_name":"Trophic level","level":2,"score":0.5699639320373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.4172886610031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.33045896887779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2880069613456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014562","descriptor_name":"Caudata","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.8.4106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:188657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC18164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:10760280","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10760280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:18164","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC18164/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:188657","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC18164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64469086","https://openalex.org/W1446719224","https://openalex.org/W1486210610","https://openalex.org/W1534787790","https://openalex.org/W1571578421","https://openalex.org/W1600287130","https://openalex.org/W1987780757","https://openalex.org/W2000081858","https://openalex.org/W2012064270","https://openalex.org/W2012177884","https://openalex.org/W2012520108","https://openalex.org/W2015341730","https://openalex.org/W2031813546","https://openalex.org/W2037357509","https://openalex.org/W2053874976","https://openalex.org/W2054912048","https://openalex.org/W2074414753","https://openalex.org/W2086366435","https://openalex.org/W2089700743","https://openalex.org/W2095936876","https://openalex.org/W2098068460","https://openalex.org/W2100540443","https://openalex.org/W2101473172","https://openalex.org/W2135785897","https://openalex.org/W2145632303","https://openalex.org/W2152516859","https://openalex.org/W2154468100","https://openalex.org/W2218234032","https://openalex.org/W2321748112","https://openalex.org/W2324095512","https://openalex.org/W2324738288","https://openalex.org/W2327208585","https://openalex.org/W2334544870","https://openalex.org/W2497823753","https://openalex.org/W2510600590","https://openalex.org/W2797828903","https://openalex.org/W4235160421","https://openalex.org/W4239328123","https://openalex.org/W4299441806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162926025","https://openalex.org/W162127681","https://openalex.org/W2083836795","https://openalex.org/W2173977048","https://openalex.org/W2110757169","https://openalex.org/W2163228033","https://openalex.org/W2996683844","https://openalex.org/W2107371847","https://openalex.org/W2181206773","https://openalex.org/W2091878130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ecological":[0],"character":[1,39,226,249],"displacement":[2,40,227],"describes":[3],"a":[4,20,35,111,119,183,192,229],"pattern":[5],"where":[6],"morphological":[7,102,129,154],"differences":[8,133,166,175,212,220],"between":[9,41,104,136,167],"sympatric":[10,67,105,142,153,168,179,188,210],"species":[11],"are":[12,216],"enhanced":[13],"through":[14],"interspecific":[15],"competition.":[16],"Although":[17],"widely":[18],"considered":[19],"pervasive":[21],"force":[22],"in":[23,73,91,113,116,176,203,213,221,238,242,244],"evolutionary":[24],"ecology,":[25],"few":[26],"clear-cut":[27],"examples":[28],"have":[29,182,191],"been":[30],"documented.":[31],"Here":[32],"we":[33,99,234],"report":[34],"case":[36],"of":[37,121,141,200,248],"ecological":[38,231],"two":[42,70],"salamander":[43],"species,":[44],"Plethodon":[45,48],"cinereus":[46,190],"and":[47,57,66,76,118,139,173,206,233],"hoffmani.":[49],"Morphology":[50],"was":[51,88,108,156],"quantified":[52],"by":[53,160],"using":[54],"linear":[55],"measurements":[56],"landmark-based":[58],"geometric":[59],"morphometric":[60],"methods":[61],"for":[62],"specimens":[63],"from":[64,69],"allopatric":[65,94,137,147],"populations":[68,106,143,148,169],"geographic":[71],"transects":[72],"south-central":[74],"Pennsylvania,":[75],"stomach":[77],"contents":[78],"were":[79,134],"assayed":[80],"to":[81,124,171],"quantify":[82],"food":[83],"resource":[84,131],"use.":[85],"Morphological":[86],"variation":[87],"also":[89],"assessed":[90],"13":[92],"additional":[93],"populations.":[95],"In":[96],"both":[97],"transects,":[98],"found":[100,135],"significant":[101],"differentiation":[103,155],"that":[107,150],"associated":[109,217],"with":[110,144,218,240],"reduction":[112],"prey":[114,122,125,199,222],"consumption":[115],"sympatry":[117],"segregation":[120],"according":[123],"size.":[126],"No":[127],"trophic":[128,164],"or":[130],"use":[132],"populations,":[138],"comparisons":[140],"randomly":[145],"paired":[146],"revealed":[149],"the":[151,208,219,224],"observed":[152,209,225],"greater":[157],"than":[158],"expected":[159],"chance.":[161],"The":[162],"major":[163],"anatomical":[165],"relates":[170],"functional":[172,230],"biomechanical":[174,211],"jaw":[177,214],"closure:":[178],"P.":[180,189],"hoffmani":[181],"faster":[184],"closing":[185],"jaw,":[186],"whereas":[187],"slower,":[193],"stronger":[194],"jaw.":[195],"Because":[196],"salamanders":[197],"immobilize":[198],"different":[201,204],"sizes":[202],"ways,":[205],"because":[207],"closure":[215],"consumption,":[223],"has":[228],"correlate,":[232],"can":[235],"link":[236],"changes":[237,241],"form":[239],"function":[243],"this":[245],"apparent":[246],"example":[247],"displacement.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}