{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139074943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","title":"A comparison of far-field methods for determining mode field diameter of single-mode fibers using both Gaussian and Petermann definitions","display_name":"A comparison of far-field methods for determining mode field diameter of single-mode fibers using both Gaussian and Petermann definitions","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139074943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","mag":"2139074943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/50.32375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011654289","display_name":"Timothy J. Drapela","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.J. Drapela","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113533364","display_name":"Douglas L. Franzen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.L. Franzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031994430","display_name":"A. H. Cherin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.H. Cherin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Norcross, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Norcross, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760767","display_name":"Roger J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-781X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-781X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Norcross, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Norcross, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27693797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"8","first_page":"1153","last_page":"1157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-field-diameter","display_name":"mode field diameter","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mode-fiber","display_name":"single-mode fiber","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-field-measurement","display_name":"far-field measurement","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interlaboratory-comparison","display_name":"interlaboratory comparison","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion-shifted-fiber","display_name":"dispersion-shifted fiber","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1300-nm","display_name":"1300 nm","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1550-nm","display_name":"1550 nm","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7039598226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6183636784553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5357840061187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.531439483165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130574115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16930782","display_name":"Mode field diameter","level":5,"score":0.5184561610221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49887681007385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.4988749027252197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183072630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215932","display_name":"Depth of field","level":2,"score":0.4566267430782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3647300601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.34456515312194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33774086833000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29658782482147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24107354879379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101645829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781857","display_name":"Multi-mode optical fiber","level":3,"score":0.17238128185272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1388411521911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203637571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812875","display_name":"Plastic optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/50.32375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/50.32375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2307745","display_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","issn_l":"0733-8724","issn":["0733-8724","1558-2213"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Lightwave Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963817566","https://openalex.org/W2007423385","https://openalex.org/W2010946954","https://openalex.org/W2015317389","https://openalex.org/W2020015179","https://openalex.org/W2034735703","https://openalex.org/W2103410343","https://openalex.org/W2141614115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134749288","https://openalex.org/W2103410343","https://openalex.org/W2000877946","https://openalex.org/W2363955994","https://openalex.org/W2161359775","https://openalex.org/W2134264312","https://openalex.org/W2760018994","https://openalex.org/W1979135738","https://openalex.org/W2352575292","https://openalex.org/W2084460128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"interlaboratory":[1],"comparison":[2,18],"is":[3],"presented":[4],"of":[5,14,23,65],"far-field":[6],"measurement":[7],"methods":[8,72],"for":[9],"determining":[10],"mode":[11],"field":[12],"diameter":[13],"single-mode":[15],"fibers.":[16,77],"The":[17,50],"was":[19,69],"conducted":[20],"by":[21,84],"member":[22],"the":[24,57],"Electronic":[25],"Industries":[26],"Association.":[27],"Measurements":[28],"were":[29,42],"made":[30],"on":[31],"dispersion-unshifted":[32],"and":[33,38,47],"dispersion-shifted":[34,76],"fibers":[35],"at":[36],"1300":[37],"1550":[39],"nm.":[40],"Results":[41],"calculated":[43],"using":[44],"both":[45],"Petermann":[46,51],"Gaussian":[48,58],"definitions.":[49],"definition":[52],"gave":[53],"better":[54],"agreement":[55],"than":[56],"in":[59],"all":[60],"cases.":[61],"A":[62],"systematic":[63],"offset":[64,80],"0.52":[66],"mu":[67],"m":[68],"observed":[70],"between":[71],"when":[73],"applied":[74],"to":[75],"Such":[78],"an":[79],"may":[81],"be":[82],"caused":[83],"limited":[85],"angular":[86],"collection.>":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}