{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139071123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","title":"Socioeconomic status within social class and mortality: a prospective study in middle-aged British men","display_name":"Socioeconomic status within social class and mortality: a prospective study in middle-aged British men","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139071123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","mag":"2139071123","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9222778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13389975","display_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0300-5771","issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065704267","display_name":"S. Goya Wannamethee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-9977","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-9977"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801138448","display_name":"The Royal Free Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01ge67z96","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169248724","https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Wannamethee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801138448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022391075","display_name":"Andrew Gerald Shaper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Shaper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3423,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4514},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8033,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93188854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"532","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-men","display_name":"middle-aged men","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeownership","display_name":"homeownership","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-ownership","display_name":"car ownership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-tenure","display_name":"housing tenure","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-mortality","display_name":"cancer mortality","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.7837040424346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.7717479467391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.7512636184692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6403264403343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.584022581577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5552746057510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5289937257766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5084046721458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.5068359971046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4822167158126831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142806620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189970","display_name":"Social status","level":2,"score":0.4500831961631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.20451420545578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.15760943293571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1499304473400116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09842884540557861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002318","descriptor_name":"Cardiovascular Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006113","descriptor_name":"United Kingdom","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010067","descriptor_name":"Ownership","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012306","descriptor_name":"Risk","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015986","descriptor_name":"Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ije/26.3.532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/26.3.532","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13389975","display_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0300-5771","issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9222778","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9222778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:158563","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/158563/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"INT J EPIDEMIOL , 26 (3) 532 - 541. (1997)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320068","display_name":"Stroke Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgfq941"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103133329","https://openalex.org/W1800291414","https://openalex.org/W1977383281","https://openalex.org/W1993515925","https://openalex.org/W2016195601","https://openalex.org/W2037351311","https://openalex.org/W2039633862","https://openalex.org/W2048919469","https://openalex.org/W2078893656","https://openalex.org/W2083963420","https://openalex.org/W2091810581","https://openalex.org/W2111545312","https://openalex.org/W2121938531","https://openalex.org/W2129854596","https://openalex.org/W2137347601","https://openalex.org/W2147046611","https://openalex.org/W2154153544","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095104663","https://openalex.org/W2003692176","https://openalex.org/W7006081700","https://openalex.org/W1966713203","https://openalex.org/W2067459513","https://openalex.org/W2000906165","https://openalex.org/W64067384","https://openalex.org/W220236987","https://openalex.org/W2121212157","https://openalex.org/W4301344231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"It":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"suggested":[4],"that":[5,390],"mortality":[6,33,161,368,391],"differences":[7,341,392],"between":[8,29],"groups":[9],"in":[10,66,73,78,174,192,278,288,331],"society":[11,343,395],"may":[12],"be":[13],"greater":[14,345,361],"than":[15,243,346,372],"are":[16,344,396],"indicated":[17,347],"by":[18,111,348],"social":[19,30,46,60,176,182,198,231,263,280,349,357],"class":[20,31,61,232,350],"based":[21,351],"on":[22,105,352],"occupation.":[23],"We":[24],"have":[25,364],"examined":[26],"the":[27,59,87,100,140,145,156],"relationship":[28],"and":[32,36,81,108,125,168,179,185,221,238,258,269,318,384],"using":[34],"home":[35,237,268,275],"car":[37,109,239],"ownership":[38,110],"as":[39],"additional":[40],"indices":[41],"of":[42,52,55,58,63,75,90,99,133,194,208,255,290,336,356,367,378,382],"socioeconomic":[43],"status":[44],"within":[45,342,393],"class.":[47],"DESIGN:":[48],"A":[49],"prospective":[50],"study":[51],"a":[53,113,188,205,252,283,379],"cohort":[54],"men":[56,65,92,97,359,373],"representative":[57],"distribution":[62],"middle-aged":[64],"Great":[67,337],"Britain.":[68,338],"SETTING:":[69],"One":[70],"general":[71],"practice":[72],"each":[74,279],"24":[76],"towns":[77],"England,":[79],"Wales":[80],"Scotland.":[82],"SUBJECTS:":[83],"Five":[84],"years":[85,135],"after":[86,139,202,249],"initial":[88],"screening":[89],"7735":[91],"aged":[93],"40-59":[94],"years,":[95],"7262":[96,157],"(94%":[98],"original":[101],"cohort)":[102],"provided":[103],"information":[104],"housing":[106],"tenure":[107],"completing":[112],"postal":[114,141],"questionnaire.":[115,142],"MAIN":[116],"OUTCOME":[117],"MEASURE:":[118],"Deaths":[119],"from":[120,152,369],"all":[121,153,164,230,271,332,370],"causes,":[122,165],"cardiovascular,":[123,166],"cancer":[124,167],"other":[126,169],"non-cardiovascular":[127,170],"causes":[128,154,171,371],"during":[129],"an":[130],"average":[131],"follow-up":[132,146],"9.8":[134],"(range":[136],"8.5-11.0":[137],"years)":[138],"RESULTS:":[143],"During":[144],"period":[147],"there":[148],"were":[149,172,329],"946":[150],"deaths":[151],"among":[155],"men.":[158],"The":[159],"lowest":[160],"rates":[162,242,366],"for":[163,204,251,294],"seen":[173,330],"non-manual":[175,295,302],"classes":[177,183,199,264],"I":[178],"II.":[180],"Manual":[181],"III":[184,303,311],"IV+V":[186,320],"showed":[187,240,282],"significant":[189,284],"40%":[190],"increase":[191,287],"risk":[193,209,212,256,289],"death":[195],"compared":[196],"to":[197,399],"I+II,":[200],"even":[201,248],"adjustment":[203,250],"wide":[206,253,380],"range":[207,254,381],"factors":[210,257],"(relative":[211],"[RR]":[213],"=":[214,223,297,305,313,322],"1.4,":[215,224],"95%":[216,225],"confidence":[217],"interval":[218],"[CI]:":[219],"1.2-1.7":[220],"RR":[222,293,304,312,321],"CI:":[226,300,308,316,325],"1.1-1.7":[227],"respectively).":[228],"Within":[229],"groups,":[233],"those":[234,244,272],"owning":[235,266,274],"both":[236,267],"lower":[241,365],"who":[245],"owned":[246],"neither,":[247],"employment":[259],"status.":[260],"Compared":[261],"with":[262,360],"I+II":[265,296],"car,":[270,277],"not":[273],"and/or":[276],"group,":[281],"approximately":[285],"twofold":[286],"death.":[291],"Adjusted":[292],"2.1":[298],"(95%":[299,307,315,324],"1.5-2.9),":[301],"2.0":[306],"1.3-2.9),":[309],"manual":[310,319],"1.8":[314,323],"1.4-2.4)":[317],"1.3-2.5).":[326],"Similar":[327],"relationships":[328],"major":[333],"geographical":[334],"regions":[335],"CONCLUSION:":[339],"Mortality":[340],"occupation":[353],"alone.":[354],"Irrespective":[355],"class,":[358],"material":[362],"assets":[363],"less":[374],"well":[375],"endowed,":[376],"independent":[377],"lifestyle":[383],"biological":[385],"factors.":[386],"These":[387],"findings":[388],"suggest":[389],"our":[394],"closely":[397],"related":[398],"relative":[400],"wealth.":[401]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}