{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139042845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","title":"Soul Food as Cultural Creation","display_name":"Soul Food as Cultural Creation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139042845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","mag":"2139042845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2752/152897999786690717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192006","display_name":"Journal for the Study of Food and Society","issn_l":"1528-9796","issn":["1528-9796","2331-4176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal for the Study of Food and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055295685","display_name":"William C. Whit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","display_name":"Grand Valley State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001m1hv61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William C. Whit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor at Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401; Presented at the joint meetings of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society. San Francisco, June 4\u20137, 1998"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor at Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401; Presented at the joint meetings of the Association for the Study of Food and Society and the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society. San Francisco, June 4\u20137, 1998","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055295685"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32664197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"47"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14124","display_name":"Food, Nutrition, and Cultural Practices","score":0.6967999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14124","display_name":"Food, Nutrition, and Cultural Practices","score":0.6967999935150146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.10999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11925","display_name":"Culinary Culture and Tourism","score":0.0794999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soul-food","display_name":"soul food","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-cuisine","display_name":"African American cuisine","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-cuisine","display_name":"fusion cuisine","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enslaved-africans","display_name":"enslaved Africans","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-creation","display_name":"cultural creation","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-history","display_name":"food history","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780822299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9165","display_name":"Soul","level":2,"score":0.9286320209503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3071551","display_name":"Pride","level":2,"score":0.8859391808509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778875743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862085","display_name":"Melting pot","level":3,"score":0.6858807802200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.5978598594665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.48828744888305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992135444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4232928","display_name":"Native american","level":2,"score":0.45384615659713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33285361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044835","display_name":"Culture of the United States","level":2,"score":0.4456061124801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4141068458557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.36184316873550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.3429011106491089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3262607455253601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1802891194820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.14921075105667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1452036201953888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.10221391916275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0929332971572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07610225677490234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2752/152897999786690717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2752/152897999786690717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192006","display_name":"Journal for the Study of Food and Society","issn_l":"1528-9796","issn":["1528-9796","2331-4176"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal for the Study of Food and Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2306910945","https://openalex.org/W2797689542","https://openalex.org/W2935144987","https://openalex.org/W4379516504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306929368","https://openalex.org/W2791327762","https://openalex.org/W6886028757","https://openalex.org/W4242663304","https://openalex.org/W2274249901","https://openalex.org/W578348256","https://openalex.org/W7215168498","https://openalex.org/W6983927352","https://openalex.org/W4236982900","https://openalex.org/W3113608564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"argues":[2],"that":[3,11,83],"cuisine":[4,21,68],"is":[5,15],"one":[6],"form":[7],"of":[8,32,37,59,73],"\u201cculture\u201d":[9],"and":[10,30,56,61,78],"therefore,":[12],"Soul":[13],"Food":[14],"creating":[16],"a":[17,35,65,71],"new":[18],"culture.The":[19],"fusion":[20],"created":[22],"by":[23,45],"African":[24,79],"American":[25],"slaves":[26,50],"synthesized":[27],"spicy":[28],"ingredients":[29],"ways":[31],"cooking":[33,91],"from":[34],"variety":[36],"west-African":[38],"cultures.":[39],"As":[40],"the":[41,46,90],"area":[42],"most":[43],"respected":[44],"white":[47],"slave":[48],"owners,":[49],"were":[51],"encouraged":[52],"to":[53,75],"make":[54],"artistic":[55],"creative":[57],"use":[58],"native":[60],"imported":[62],"ingredients.There":[63],"resulted":[64],"Southern":[66],"cultural":[67],"which":[69],"was":[70],"source":[72],"pride":[74],"both":[76],"whites":[77],"Americans.The":[80],"melting":[81],"pot":[82],"worked":[84],"in":[85,88],"America":[86],"was,":[87],"fact,":[89],"pot.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}