{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138969147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","title":"Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction","display_name":"Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138969147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","mag":"2138969147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25477355","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8013034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","pdf_url":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/36/6/1018.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101278519","display_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","issn_l":"0195-6108","issn":["0195-6108","1936-959X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316165","host_organization_name":"American Society of Neuroradiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Neuroradiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/36/6/1018.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064616885","display_name":"Blaine L. Hart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1087"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.L. Hart","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. bhart@unm.edu","From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. bhart@unm.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010788331","display_name":"Loren H. Ketai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-8667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Ketai","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0464,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10438413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"1018","last_page":"1025"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.5264000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.5264000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.2037000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13055","display_name":"Global Security and Public Health","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioterrorism","display_name":"bioterrorism","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-warfare-agents","display_name":"biological warfare agents","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-infection","display_name":"central nervous system infection","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encephalitis","display_name":"encephalitis","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthrax","display_name":"anthrax","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brucellosis","display_name":"brucellosis","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plague","display_name":"plague","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-fever","display_name":"Q fever","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningoencephalitis","display_name":"meningoencephalitis","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-transmission","display_name":"airborne transmission","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-infectious-diseases","display_name":"emerging infectious diseases","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging-features","display_name":"neuroimaging features","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8488738536834717}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001694","descriptor_name":"Biological Warfare","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002494","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002494","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054044","descriptor_name":"Weapons of Mass Destruction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","pdf_url":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/36/6/1018.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101278519","display_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","issn_l":"0195-6108","issn":["0195-6108","1936-959X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316165","host_organization_name":"American Society of Neuroradiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Neuroradiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8013034","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8013034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25477355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25477355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a4177","pdf_url":"http://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/36/6/1018.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101278519","display_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","issn_l":"0195-6108","issn":["0195-6108","1936-959X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316165","host_organization_name":"American Society of Neuroradiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316165"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Neuroradiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Neuroradiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1283936164","display_name":"Brain-Centered Therapy versus Medication for Urgency Urinary Incontinence_An RCT","funder_award_id":"R01AT007171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337593","funder_display_name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8505832862","display_name":"Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium: Predictor's of Clinical Course","funder_award_id":"U54NS065705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337593","display_name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00190t495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138969147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138969147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1101061","https://openalex.org/W59685646","https://openalex.org/W135503898","https://openalex.org/W643055013","https://openalex.org/W1488713610","https://openalex.org/W1591183067","https://openalex.org/W1660680773","https://openalex.org/W1966613745","https://openalex.org/W1967597067","https://openalex.org/W1969557290","https://openalex.org/W1975312991","https://openalex.org/W1976230117","https://openalex.org/W1985305277","https://openalex.org/W1987393397","https://openalex.org/W1989791342","https://openalex.org/W1990019351","https://openalex.org/W1997532963","https://openalex.org/W2001406632","https://openalex.org/W2001854694","https://openalex.org/W2018931958","https://openalex.org/W2019752595","https://openalex.org/W2022100172","https://openalex.org/W2022774983","https://openalex.org/W2026719574","https://openalex.org/W2031716606","https://openalex.org/W2035587893","https://openalex.org/W2036461422","https://openalex.org/W2054987640","https://openalex.org/W2062190635","https://openalex.org/W2076677889","https://openalex.org/W2084069113","https://openalex.org/W2089728938","https://openalex.org/W2091019308","https://openalex.org/W2097891718","https://openalex.org/W2102473465","https://openalex.org/W2118488619","https://openalex.org/W2125427423","https://openalex.org/W2127003764","https://openalex.org/W2127949919","https://openalex.org/W2131558932","https://openalex.org/W2131714664","https://openalex.org/W2135069977","https://openalex.org/W2138710574","https://openalex.org/W2154586372","https://openalex.org/W2157709345","https://openalex.org/W2167762566","https://openalex.org/W2169180197","https://openalex.org/W2170883580","https://openalex.org/W2182057012","https://openalex.org/W2188786964","https://openalex.org/W2236142842","https://openalex.org/W2263804876","https://openalex.org/W2315695766","https://openalex.org/W2328427664","https://openalex.org/W2332435771","https://openalex.org/W2333407492","https://openalex.org/W2340031222","https://openalex.org/W2479420970","https://openalex.org/W2799253535","https://openalex.org/W2887401247","https://openalex.org/W3047687794","https://openalex.org/W4205374523","https://openalex.org/W4238351038","https://openalex.org/W4238652022","https://openalex.org/W4244835167","https://openalex.org/W4249530148","https://openalex.org/W4255260655","https://openalex.org/W4300465672","https://openalex.org/W6602426921","https://openalex.org/W6629394428","https://openalex.org/W6807207902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098255442","https://openalex.org/W2428697314","https://openalex.org/W2163392195","https://openalex.org/W7098235637","https://openalex.org/W2258459621","https://openalex.org/W7092199347","https://openalex.org/W2020977896","https://openalex.org/W2188818151","https://openalex.org/W141014803","https://openalex.org/W7097660281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infectious":[0],"agents":[1,81],"have":[2],"been":[3],"investigated,":[4],"developed,":[5],"and":[6,11,61,69,94],"used":[7],"by":[8],"both":[9],"governments":[10],"terrorist":[12],"groups":[13],"as":[14],"weapons":[15],"of":[16,82,87],"mass":[17],"destruction.":[18],"CNS":[19,47,92],"infections,":[20],"though":[21],"traditionally":[22],"considered":[23],"less":[24],"often":[25],"than":[26],"respiratory":[27],"diseases":[28,73],"in":[29,44,49],"this":[30],"scenario,":[31],"may":[32,74],"be":[33,41],"very":[34],"important.":[35],"Viruses":[36],"responsible":[37],"for":[38,85],"encephalitides":[39],"can":[40,64],"highly":[42],"infectious":[43,80],"aerosol":[45],"form.":[46],"involvement":[48],"anthrax":[50],"is":[51],"ominous":[52],"but":[53],"should":[54],"change":[55],"treatment.":[56],"Brucellosis,":[57],"plague,":[58],"Q":[59],"fever,":[60],"other":[62,70],"bacteria":[63],"uncommonly":[65],"manifest":[66],"with":[67,89],"meningoencephalitis":[68],"findings.":[71],"Emerging":[72],"also":[75],"pose":[76],"threats.":[77],"We":[78],"review":[79],"particular":[83],"concern":[84],"purposes":[86],"biowarfare":[88],"respect":[90],"to":[91],"manifestations":[93],"imaging":[95],"features.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
