{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138957771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","title":"How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans: Demographic and Subjective Aspects of the Ethnic Composition of White Americans","display_name":"How 4.5 Million Irish Immigrants Became 40 Million Irish Americans: Demographic and Subjective Aspects of the Ethnic Composition of White Americans","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138957771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","mag":"2138957771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/2096133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157620343","display_name":"American Sociological Review","issn_l":"0003-1224","issn":["0003-1224","1939-8271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090027612","display_name":"Michael Hout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-7498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-7498"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategies to Reduce Inequality"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategies to Reduce Inequality","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028165929","display_name":"Joshua R. Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5936-5464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua R. Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.6736,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":131,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98487517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"1","first_page":"64","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.676800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11648","display_name":"Diaspora, migration, transnational identity","score":0.16130000352859497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-americans","display_name":"Irish Americans","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irish-immigrants","display_name":"Irish immigrants","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-identity","display_name":"ethnic identity","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-assimilation","display_name":"ethnic assimilation","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-identity-change","display_name":"ethnic identity change","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","display_name":"Irish","level":2,"score":0.9351701736450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7997362017631531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.735875129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.6918896436691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994121768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic composition","level":3,"score":0.6807074546813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.5986577868461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4892682731151581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3833833634853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3530527949333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26436930894851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09906202554702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.08151274919509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.058608442544937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.054027944803237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/2096133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2096133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157620343","display_name":"American Sociological Review","issn_l":"0003-1224","issn":["0003-1224","1939-8271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Sociological Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42978862","https://openalex.org/W1965732247","https://openalex.org/W1989233977","https://openalex.org/W2007742927","https://openalex.org/W2026696249","https://openalex.org/W2042255869","https://openalex.org/W2044997324","https://openalex.org/W2050486772","https://openalex.org/W2054001671","https://openalex.org/W2056635024","https://openalex.org/W2077862756","https://openalex.org/W2081928525","https://openalex.org/W2088322586","https://openalex.org/W2104784374","https://openalex.org/W2324173323","https://openalex.org/W2328564937","https://openalex.org/W2731082111","https://openalex.org/W2795634379","https://openalex.org/W2799265630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769424478","https://openalex.org/W3185128380","https://openalex.org/W2939639325","https://openalex.org/W601596724","https://openalex.org/W4243068048","https://openalex.org/W643523214","https://openalex.org/W1964629218","https://openalex.org/W2600605991","https://openalex.org/W1980189567","https://openalex.org/W4252571892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Michael":[0],"Hout,":[1],"Joshua":[2],"R.":[3],"Goldstein,":[4],"How":[5],"4.5":[6],"Million":[7,12],"Irish":[8,13],"Immigrants":[9],"Became":[10],"40":[11],"Americans:":[14],"Demographic":[15],"and":[16],"Subjective":[17],"Aspects":[18],"of":[19,23],"the":[20],"Ethnic":[21],"Composition":[22],"White":[24],"Americans,":[25],"American":[26],"Sociological":[27],"Review,":[28],"Vol.":[29],"59,":[30],"No.":[31],"1":[32],"(Feb.,":[33],"1994),":[34],"pp.":[35],"64-82":[36]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}