{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138735879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","title":"Complaints Against the Police: A Focus Group Study of Citizen Perceptions, Goals, and Expectations","display_name":"Complaints Against the Police: A Focus Group Study of Citizen Perceptions, Goals, and Expectations","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138735879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","mag":"2138735879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/073401689702200205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194715373","display_name":"Criminal Justice Review","issn_l":"0734-0168","issn":["0734-0168","1556-3839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007646079","display_name":"Samuel Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-7987","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-7987"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007646079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37329413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"207","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-complaints","display_name":"citizen complaints against police","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-perceptions","display_name":"citizen perceptions","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complaint-procedure","display_name":"grievance procedures","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/officer-misconduct","display_name":"officer misconduct","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expectations","display_name":"public expectations","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-accountability","display_name":"police accountability","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-community-relations","display_name":"police-community relations","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.9012856483459473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.8395977020263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.6510779857635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6496565341949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780587575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875295","display_name":"Misconduct","level":2,"score":0.5345792770385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5201235413551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97460637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468489","display_name":"Plaintiff","level":2,"score":0.5059282183647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.45658841729164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.45064976811408997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.41345494985580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.32171303033828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.31666451692581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.26002490520477295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19606640934944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/073401689702200205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/073401689702200205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194715373","display_name":"Criminal Justice Review","issn_l":"0734-0168","issn":["0734-0168","1556-3839"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121836194","https://openalex.org/W126774542","https://openalex.org/W150957155","https://openalex.org/W196289800","https://openalex.org/W259478063","https://openalex.org/W281111671","https://openalex.org/W282416798","https://openalex.org/W645576112","https://openalex.org/W1606980371","https://openalex.org/W1966070526","https://openalex.org/W1978143164","https://openalex.org/W2009260120","https://openalex.org/W2013709709","https://openalex.org/W2027822692","https://openalex.org/W2035567036","https://openalex.org/W2035711554","https://openalex.org/W2050317362","https://openalex.org/W2056144694","https://openalex.org/W2060643175","https://openalex.org/W2064395596","https://openalex.org/W2064413294","https://openalex.org/W2081385464","https://openalex.org/W2088763113","https://openalex.org/W2090028842","https://openalex.org/W2321550979","https://openalex.org/W2577682857","https://openalex.org/W4206830916","https://openalex.org/W4238221118","https://openalex.org/W4240855012","https://openalex.org/W4255654513","https://openalex.org/W4383956307","https://openalex.org/W4388064579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2778281165","https://openalex.org/W577963802","https://openalex.org/W2054873901","https://openalex.org/W2070588448","https://openalex.org/W1828457756","https://openalex.org/W2188558815","https://openalex.org/W2123907924","https://openalex.org/W2996973569","https://openalex.org/W2394990131","https://openalex.org/W620153435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"explores":[2],"citizen":[3],"perceptions,":[4],"goals,":[5],"and":[6,41,57],"expectations":[7],"in":[8],"filing":[9],"complaints":[10,53],"against":[11],"the":[12,65,81,89,94,97],"police.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15],"based":[16],"on":[17,96],"10":[18],"focus":[19,66],"groups":[20],"representing":[21],"a":[22,25,35,85],"cross-section":[23],"of":[24,54,64,93],"medium-sized":[26],"midwestern":[27],"community.":[28],"Its":[29],"findings":[30],"confirm":[31],"earlier":[32],"research":[33],"indicating":[34],"poor":[36],"\"fit\"":[37],"between":[38],"complainant":[39],"goals":[40],"complaint":[42,47],"procedures.":[43],"Although":[44],"most":[45],"existing":[46],"procedures":[48],"are":[49],"designed":[50],"to":[51,58],"investigate":[52],"officer":[55],"misconduct":[56],"punish":[59],"guilty":[60],"officers,":[61],"relatively":[62],"few":[63],"group":[67],"participants":[68],"indicated":[69],"punishment":[70],"as":[71],"their":[72],"goal.":[73],"The":[74],"majority":[75],"wanted":[76],"either":[77],"an":[78,83],"explanation":[79],"for":[80],"incident,":[82],"apology,":[84],"face-to-face":[86],"encounter":[87],"with":[88],"officer,":[90],"or":[91],"documentation":[92],"incident":[95],"officer's":[98],"record.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
