{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138584269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","title":"Cancer Disparities: Unmet Challenges in the Elimination of Disparities","display_name":"Cancer Disparities: Unmet Challenges in the Elimination of Disparities","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138584269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","mag":"2138584269","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21784956","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3321217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8391440","display_name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","issn_l":"1055-9965","issn":["1055-9965","1538-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320273","host_organization_name":"American Association for Cancer Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Cancer Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3321217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044146136","display_name":"Sarah J Gehlert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-9882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-9882"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Gehlert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Authors' Affiliation: Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri","The Brown School, Box 1196, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Authors' Affiliation: Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Brown School, Box 1196, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031201037","display_name":"Graham A. Colditz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7307-0291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800711816","display_name":"American Association For Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02fnpv153","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800711816"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham A. Colditz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Authors' Affiliation: Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri","American Association for Cancer Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Authors' Affiliation: Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Association for Cancer Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800711816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044146136"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96252073,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"1809","last_page":"1814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.823199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.1664000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-disparities","display_name":"cancer disparities","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-models","display_name":"multilevel models","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-environment","display_name":"research environment","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdisciplinary-collaboration","display_name":"interdisciplinary collaboration","score":0.6940000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5494189262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33811190724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3302043378353119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.09902182221412659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.08794993162155151}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009369","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D054625","descriptor_name":"Healthcare Disparities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8391440","display_name":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention","issn_l":"1055-9965","issn":["1055-9965","1538-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320273","host_organization_name":"American Association for Cancer Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for Cancer Research"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21784956","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21784956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2328794","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3321217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3321217","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3321217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.898.6352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.898.6352","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/20/9/1809.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:drum.lib.umd.edu:1903/24498","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1903/24498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401518","display_name":"University Libraries (University of Maryland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2308241080","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://health-equity.pitt.edu/4023/1/Cancer_Disparities_Unmet_Challenges_in_the_Elimination_of_Disparities.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.13016/kpbv-mkc1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/kpbv-mkc1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/kpbv-mkc1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2328794","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3321217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2546266245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54-153460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3207498817","display_name":"A MULTILEVEL APPROACH TO ENERGY BALANCE AND CANCER ACROSS THE LIFECOURSE","funder_award_id":"U54CA155496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4950008298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54-155496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","funder_display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5854684152","display_name":"Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (PECAD)","funder_award_id":"U54CA153460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G652754876","display_name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Health Disparities Research","funder_award_id":"P50ES012382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68674371","https://openalex.org/W930667898","https://openalex.org/W1498878353","https://openalex.org/W1983081636","https://openalex.org/W1995515413","https://openalex.org/W2022649665","https://openalex.org/W2026393476","https://openalex.org/W2034232242","https://openalex.org/W2056003838","https://openalex.org/W2090214829","https://openalex.org/W2120161853","https://openalex.org/W2128306943","https://openalex.org/W2132810818","https://openalex.org/W2136727656","https://openalex.org/W2137460360","https://openalex.org/W2140960626","https://openalex.org/W2144040552","https://openalex.org/W2148998706","https://openalex.org/W2153944371","https://openalex.org/W2159208695","https://openalex.org/W2163209812","https://openalex.org/W2163623879","https://openalex.org/W2398505015","https://openalex.org/W2398599274","https://openalex.org/W2409964230","https://openalex.org/W2505868748","https://openalex.org/W3108967395","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629823030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099218159","https://openalex.org/W53698557","https://openalex.org/W4388504672","https://openalex.org/W4388489750","https://openalex.org/W1967543442","https://openalex.org/W2093459095","https://openalex.org/W7095212236","https://openalex.org/W1975949487","https://openalex.org/W4381548793","https://openalex.org/W4214633758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,90,114],"first":[2],"20":[3],"years":[4],"of":[5,7,17,34,39,76,97,135,195,203],"publication":[6],"Cancer":[8],"Epidemiology,":[9],"Biomarkers":[10],"&":[11],"Prevention":[12],"occurred":[13],"during":[14],"a":[15,95,187],"period":[16],"increased":[18],"attention":[19],"to":[20,103,116,124,163,173,180,185,200,211,215,227],"health":[21,138,178],"disparities":[22,35,48,78,147,169,229],"and":[23,36,65,79,112,149,151,166,183],"advances":[24],"in":[25,46,168,230],"knowledge":[26,136],"about":[27,137],"their":[28,80],"determinants.":[29],"Yet,":[30],"despite":[31],"clear":[32],"documentation":[33],"advanced":[37],"understanding":[38,72],"determinants,":[40],"we":[41,140],"have":[42],"made":[43],"little":[44],"headway":[45],"reducing":[47],"at":[49],"the":[50,60,73,101,104,132,192,204,221,231],"population":[51],"level.":[52],"Multilevel":[53],"models,":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56,82,84],"one":[57],"produced":[58],"by":[59,146],"Centers":[61],"for":[62,71,154],"Population":[63],"Health":[64,66],"Disparities":[67],"(CPHHD),":[68],"hold":[69],"promise":[70],"complex":[74],"determinants":[75],"cancer":[77,181,217],"interactions":[81],"well":[83],"translating":[85],"scientific":[86,98],"discoveries":[87,175],"into":[88,176],"solutions.":[89,127],"CPHHD":[91],"model":[92],"maps":[93],"across":[94,119],"range":[96],"disciplines,":[99],"from":[100],"biological":[102],"social,":[105],"each":[106],"with":[107],"its":[108],"own":[109],"disciplinary":[110,120],"language":[111],"methods.":[113],"ability":[115],"work":[117],"effectively":[118],"boundaries":[121],"is":[122,208],"essential":[123],"framing":[125],"comprehensive":[126],"METHODS:":[128],"After":[129],"briefly":[130],"characterizing":[131],"current":[133],"state":[134],"disparities,":[139,182],"outline":[141],"three":[142,202],"major":[143],"challenges":[144,160,205,222],"faced":[145],"researchers":[148],"practitioners":[150],"offer":[152],"suggestions":[153],"addressing":[155],"these":[156],"challenges.":[157],"RESULTS:":[158],"These":[159],"are":[161],"how":[162,171,184],"consider":[164],"race":[165],"ethnicity":[167],"research,":[170],"best":[172],"translate":[174],"public":[177],"solutions":[179],"create":[186],"research":[188],"environment":[189],"that":[190],"supports":[191],"successful":[193],"execution":[194],"multilevel":[196],"research.":[197],"CONCLUSIONS:":[198],"Attention":[199],"all":[201],"outlined":[206,223],"above":[207,224],"urgently":[209],"needed":[210],"advance":[212],"our":[213],"efforts":[214],"eliminate":[216,228],"disparities.":[218],"IMPACT:":[219],"Addressing":[220],"will":[225],"help":[226],"future.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}