{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138535929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","title":"PREVENTING YOUTH VIOLENCE: What Works?","display_name":"PREVENTING YOUTH VIOLENCE: What Works?","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138535929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","mag":"2138535929","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9611620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113591250","display_name":"Annual Review of Public Health","issn_l":"0163-7525","issn":["0163-7525","1545-2093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109571602","display_name":"Arthur L. Kellermann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088099","display_name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/0015x1k58","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126198","display_name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0394z0v14","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I2802336062","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur L. Kellermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;","Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021010083","display_name":"Dawna S. Fuqua-Whitley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088099","display_name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/0015x1k58","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126198","display_name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0394z0v14","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I2802336062","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawna S. Fuqua-Whitley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089417272","display_name":"Frederick P. Rivara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-0637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-0637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088099","display_name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/0015x1k58","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126198","display_name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0394z0v14","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I2802336062","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick P. Rivara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067502457","display_name":"James A. Mercy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-2981","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1433-2981"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088099","display_name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","ror":"https://ror.org/0015x1k58","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126198","display_name":"Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0394z0v14","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2801852214","https://openalex.org/I2802336062","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Mercy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210088099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory Center for Injury Control, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210126198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94468085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"271","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-violence","display_name":"youth violence","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-prevention","display_name":"violence prevention","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-victimization","display_name":"peer victimization","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-use","display_name":"firearm use","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/at-risk-youth","display_name":"at-risk youth","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-intervention","display_name":"early childhood intervention","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-programs","display_name":"community-based programs","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-evaluation","display_name":"program evaluation","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention-effectiveness","display_name":"intervention effectiveness","score":0.4020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.7296663522720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.5358800292015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.508588433265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.49857568740844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.48975586891174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.47822731733322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4462658762931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4372541308403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4101680517196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.402450829744339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.38495391607284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.23572447896003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08728474378585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000294","descriptor_name":"Adolescent Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005389","descriptor_name":"Firearms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113591250","display_name":"Annual Review of Public Health","issn_l":"0163-7525","issn":["0163-7525","1545-2093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9611620","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9611620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306139","display_name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymmdj85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309532","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5062825","https://openalex.org/W38275383","https://openalex.org/W91736156","https://openalex.org/W99905271","https://openalex.org/W119967219","https://openalex.org/W121593857","https://openalex.org/W133730877","https://openalex.org/W139879832","https://openalex.org/W165842017","https://openalex.org/W175989731","https://openalex.org/W185237865","https://openalex.org/W421333257","https://openalex.org/W1497059840","https://openalex.org/W1565987823","https://openalex.org/W1568390176","https://openalex.org/W1574676476","https://openalex.org/W1661475426","https://openalex.org/W1749588726","https://openalex.org/W1877508082","https://openalex.org/W1974441137","https://openalex.org/W1986950409","https://openalex.org/W1992942249","https://openalex.org/W2000553435","https://openalex.org/W2001533613","https://openalex.org/W2005088702","https://openalex.org/W2007391974","https://openalex.org/W2011243132","https://openalex.org/W2012795786","https://openalex.org/W2017281379","https://openalex.org/W2023884470","https://openalex.org/W2025910219","https://openalex.org/W2035745350","https://openalex.org/W2044063600","https://openalex.org/W2054320280","https://openalex.org/W2059575471","https://openalex.org/W2061744860","https://openalex.org/W2078618203","https://openalex.org/W2088825316","https://openalex.org/W2090214436","https://openalex.org/W2091279405","https://openalex.org/W2091519761","https://openalex.org/W2102024588","https://openalex.org/W2119177891","https://openalex.org/W2131097820","https://openalex.org/W2134786590","https://openalex.org/W2142057879","https://openalex.org/W2147926208","https://openalex.org/W2148814944","https://openalex.org/W2149763379","https://openalex.org/W2152479992","https://openalex.org/W2157928293","https://openalex.org/W2162074758","https://openalex.org/W2166090890","https://openalex.org/W2169528640","https://openalex.org/W2216861168","https://openalex.org/W2256123702","https://openalex.org/W2333218599","https://openalex.org/W2346169290","https://openalex.org/W2469876519","https://openalex.org/W2505730080","https://openalex.org/W2604994311","https://openalex.org/W2611287792","https://openalex.org/W2612003564","https://openalex.org/W2727563297","https://openalex.org/W2731752587","https://openalex.org/W2733095170","https://openalex.org/W2736774054","https://openalex.org/W2784457793","https://openalex.org/W2796426053","https://openalex.org/W2797543026","https://openalex.org/W2798873762","https://openalex.org/W2902846066","https://openalex.org/W2904897130","https://openalex.org/W2953236419","https://openalex.org/W2980296706","https://openalex.org/W2982155451","https://openalex.org/W2991760430","https://openalex.org/W3011230859","https://openalex.org/W4236255397","https://openalex.org/W4236828460","https://openalex.org/W4250890638","https://openalex.org/W4255860806","https://openalex.org/W4301869951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2496111083","https://openalex.org/W2043353090","https://openalex.org/W4307098832","https://openalex.org/W155462089","https://openalex.org/W1602873882","https://openalex.org/W2140222384","https://openalex.org/W30691699","https://openalex.org/W2612435846","https://openalex.org/W2256838127","https://openalex.org/W2274169743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Between":[0],"1985":[1],"and":[2,75],"1992,":[3],"serious":[4],"youth":[5,56,118],"violence":[6,57,119],"in":[7,51,86],"the":[8,72,113],"United":[9],"States":[10],"surged":[11],"to":[12,20,25,40,54,79,106,111,117],"unprecedented":[13],"levels.":[14],"The":[15],"growing":[16],"use":[17],"of":[18,35,46],"firearms":[19],"settle":[21],"disputes":[22],"has":[23],"contributed":[24],"this":[26,41],"phenomenon.":[27],"Youth":[28],"are":[29],"most":[30,114],"often":[31],"victimized":[32],"by":[33],"one":[34],"their":[36],"peers.":[37],"In":[38,67],"response":[39],"problem,":[42],"a":[43],"wide":[44],"variety":[45],"programs":[47,92],"have":[48,63],"been":[49,64],"implemented":[50],"an":[52],"attempt":[53],"prevent":[55],"or":[58,89],"reduce":[59],"its":[60],"severity.":[61],"Few":[62],"adequately":[65],"evaluated.":[66],"general,":[68],"interventions":[69,84],"applied":[70],"between":[71],"prenatal":[73],"period":[74],"age":[76],"6":[77],"appear":[78],"be":[80,99],"more":[81],"effective":[82,115],"than":[83],"initiated":[85],"later":[87],"childhood":[88],"adolescence.":[90],"Community-based":[91],"that":[93],"target":[94],"certain":[95],"high-risk":[96],"behaviors":[97],"may":[98],"beneficial":[100],"as":[101],"well.":[102],"A":[103],"sustained":[104],"commitment":[105],"evaluation":[107],"research":[108],"is":[109],"needed":[110],"identify":[112],"approaches":[116],"prevention.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
