{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138523931","doi":null,"title":"c-Ha-ras oncogene expression in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) alters growth potential in vivo but lacks correlation with malignancy.","display_name":"c-Ha-ras oncogene expression in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) alters growth potential in vivo but lacks correlation with malignancy.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138523931","mag":"2138523931","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2183932"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2183932","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2183932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004702190","display_name":"Petra Boukamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17937529","display_name":"German Cancer Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdgtt98","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Boukamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biochemistry, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17937529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052269548","display_name":"Eric J. Stanbridge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E J Stanbridge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074713742","display_name":"Darren Foo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Y Foo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063856596","display_name":"P Cerutti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P A Cerutti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108449167","display_name":"Norbert E. Fusenig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N E Fusenig","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":212,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85414356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"9","first_page":"2840","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10169","display_name":"Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11650","display_name":"Skin and Cellular Biology Research","score":0.05169999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11533","display_name":"Melanoma and MAPK Pathways","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ha-ras-oncogene","display_name":"c-Ha-ras oncogene","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacat-cells","display_name":"HaCaT keratinocytes","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keratinocyte-immortalization","display_name":"keratinocyte immortalization","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumorigenicity","display_name":"tumorigenicity","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squamous-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"squamous cell carcinoma","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p21","display_name":"p21","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-differentiation","display_name":"tumor differentiation","score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-regulation","display_name":"growth regulation","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignant-transformation","display_name":"malignant transformation","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118995209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5636366","display_name":"HaCaT","level":3,"score":0.9042233228683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207609","display_name":"Oncogene","level":4,"score":0.7830443978309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7078216075897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5382682085037231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.5304626226425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776458125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1827343","display_name":"Epidermis (zoology)","level":2,"score":0.4825272262096405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.4773540496826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.47614574432373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4758198857307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31033888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752076","display_name":"Malignant transformation","level":2,"score":0.4723331034183502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777074287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1473931","display_name":"Keratinocyte","level":3,"score":0.4643208384513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.45395323634147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555283112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637543","display_name":"Carcinogenesis","level":3,"score":0.4200286865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3942872881889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.3756091594696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2704044282436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1856040358543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29537977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188941","display_name":"Cell cycle","level":3,"score":0.15179744362831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002471","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009368","descriptor_name":"Neoplasm Transplantation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011518","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011905","descriptor_name":"Genes, ras","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014162","descriptor_name":"Transfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015152","descriptor_name":"Blotting, Northern","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015603","descriptor_name":"Keratinocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016283","descriptor_name":"Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2183932","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2183932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2138523931","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2183932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11596768","https://openalex.org/W27510651","https://openalex.org/W150580531","https://openalex.org/W1552544560","https://openalex.org/W1581325718","https://openalex.org/W1588885776","https://openalex.org/W1596418087","https://openalex.org/W1796075769","https://openalex.org/W1804112400","https://openalex.org/W1817017058","https://openalex.org/W1957539018","https://openalex.org/W1968870498","https://openalex.org/W1982263288","https://openalex.org/W1984240546","https://openalex.org/W1987212762","https://openalex.org/W1989009382","https://openalex.org/W1991320113","https://openalex.org/W1992405600","https://openalex.org/W1995723368","https://openalex.org/W2001923549","https://openalex.org/W2009835155","https://openalex.org/W2016241323","https://openalex.org/W2016435958","https://openalex.org/W2017095060","https://openalex.org/W2019392946","https://openalex.org/W2023335056","https://openalex.org/W2027789831","https://openalex.org/W2028519621","https://openalex.org/W2035706724","https://openalex.org/W2044014221","https://openalex.org/W2052830851","https://openalex.org/W2066647186","https://openalex.org/W2069100534","https://openalex.org/W2071697240","https://openalex.org/W2073006672","https://openalex.org/W2084099638","https://openalex.org/W2087411905","https://openalex.org/W2088130891","https://openalex.org/W2094226908","https://openalex.org/W2100837269","https://openalex.org/W2101108802","https://openalex.org/W2117079180","https://openalex.org/W2118929543","https://openalex.org/W2118989941","https://openalex.org/W2121428853","https://openalex.org/W2122679701","https://openalex.org/W2143464311","https://openalex.org/W2152195298","https://openalex.org/W2164081446","https://openalex.org/W2167105480","https://openalex.org/W2167202601","https://openalex.org/W2256796429","https://openalex.org/W2400589564","https://openalex.org/W2414740817","https://openalex.org/W2440641407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034219030","https://openalex.org/W1584106885","https://openalex.org/W2063627291","https://openalex.org/W2055951902","https://openalex.org/W7098067929","https://openalex.org/W184280388","https://openalex.org/W4231383096","https://openalex.org/W1993744117","https://openalex.org/W30285632","https://openalex.org/W1976818007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spontaneously":[0],"immortalized":[1],"human":[2,161],"skin":[3],"keratinocytes":[4],"(HaCaT)":[5],"were":[6,25,52],"transfected":[7],"with":[8,45,67],"the":[9,20,28,112,124,132,135,155],"c-Ha-ras":[10],"(EJ)":[11],"oncogene":[12,158],"via":[13],"a":[14],"plasmid":[15],"construct":[16],"which":[17,57],"also":[18],"contained":[19],"selectable":[21],"neomycin":[22],"gene.":[23],"Clones":[24],"selected":[26],"on":[27],"basis":[29],"of":[30,39,98,141,147,154,172,192],"G418":[31],"resistance.":[32],"Those":[33],"clones":[34,51,73,87,97,126,137],"that":[35,65],"had":[36],"stable":[37],"integrants":[38],"Ha-ras":[40,157],"fell":[41],"into":[42],"3":[43],"classes":[44,101],"respect":[46],"to":[47,64,114,180],"tumorigenicity.":[48],"Class":[49,71],"I":[50],"nontumorigenic,":[53],"i.e.,":[54],"formed":[55,74,88],"nodules":[56],"rapidly":[58],"regressed.":[59],"This":[60],"phenotype":[61],"is":[62],"identical":[63],"seen":[66,188],"parental":[68],"HaCaT":[69],"cells.":[70],"II":[72],"slowly":[75],"growing,":[76],"highly":[77,89],"differentiated":[78],"cystic":[79],"or":[80],"papillomatous-type":[81],"benign":[82,133,179],"tumors,":[83],"and":[84,105,110,134,144,195],"class":[85],"III":[86],"differentiated,":[90],"locally":[91,128],"invasive":[92,129],"squamous":[93],"cell":[94],"carcinomas.":[95],"The":[96],"all":[99],"three":[100],"exhibited":[102,138],"similar":[103],"morphology":[104],"growth":[106,166,173],"potential":[107,174],"in":[108,120,159,169,175],"culture":[109],"retained":[111],"ability":[113],"reconstitute":[115],"an":[116],"epidermis-like":[117],"stratified":[118],"epithelium":[119],"transplantation":[121],"experiments.":[122],"Only":[123],"malignant":[125,136,181,196],"showed":[127],"growth.":[130,197],"Both":[131],"higher":[139],"levels":[140,146,191],"ras":[142],"integration":[143],"variable":[145],"mutated":[148],"p21":[149,193],"protein":[150],"product.":[151],"Thus,":[152],"expression":[153,194],"cellular":[156],"these":[160],"epithelial":[162],"cells":[163],"significantly":[164],"altered":[165],"regulation,":[167],"resulting":[168],"varying":[170],"degrees":[171],"vivo,":[176],"ranging":[177],"from":[178],"tumors.":[182],"However,":[183],"no":[184],"direct":[185],"correlation":[186],"was":[187],"between":[189],"high":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}