{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138204258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","title":"About uncertainties in practical salinity calculations","display_name":"About uncertainties in practical salinity calculations","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138204258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","mag":"2138204258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/os-7-651-2011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","pdf_url":"https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/651/2011/os-7-651-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152701455","display_name":"Ocean science","issn_l":"1812-0784","issn":["1812-0784","1812-0792"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ocean Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/651/2011/os-7-651-2011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008719063","display_name":"Marc Le Menn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9367-4458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2945610430","display_name":"Service Hydrographique et Oc\u00e9anographique de la Marine","ror":"https://ror.org/01nre9703","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2945610430"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Le Menn","raw_affiliation_strings":["French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM), SHOM, CS 92803, 29228 Brest Cedex 2, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOM), SHOM, CS 92803, 29228 Brest Cedex 2, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2945610430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008719063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2945610430"],"apc_list":{"value":1310,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1412},"apc_paid":{"value":1310,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1412},"fwci":1.026,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82938498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"651","last_page":"659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practical-salinity","display_name":"practical salinity","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductivity-ratio","display_name":"conductivity ratio","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity-measurement","display_name":"salinity measurement","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ctd-measurements","display_name":"CTD measurements","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-budget","display_name":"uncertainty budget","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sources-of-error","display_name":"error sources","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.80463707447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7411673069000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5953429937362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5881840586662292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5860981345176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.5492843389511108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5421456098556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23715911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698340","display_name":"Temperature salinity diagrams","level":3,"score":0.4939644932746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4841535687446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125533998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024499","display_name":"CTD","level":2,"score":0.4813036024570465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177803969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205","display_name":"Uncertainty analysis","level":2,"score":0.4152776598930359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32233932614326477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2728402018547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2648118734359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2506173253059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23603475093841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/os-7-651-2011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","pdf_url":"https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/651/2011/os-7-651-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152701455","display_name":"Ocean science","issn_l":"1812-0784","issn":["1812-0784","1812-0792"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ocean Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.5194/osd-6-2461-2009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-2461-2009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-2461-2009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a671dfe9031413a898e0ac59525ea96","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a671dfe9031413a898e0ac59525ea96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ocean Science, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 651-659 (2011)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/os-7-651-2011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-651-2011","pdf_url":"https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/651/2011/os-7-651-2011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152701455","display_name":"Ocean science","issn_l":"1812-0784","issn":["1812-0784","1812-0792"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ocean Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138204258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138204258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134561790","https://openalex.org/W1758058526","https://openalex.org/W1965816012","https://openalex.org/W1974423213","https://openalex.org/W1982854418","https://openalex.org/W2016749822","https://openalex.org/W2055329685","https://openalex.org/W2065864413","https://openalex.org/W2070474099","https://openalex.org/W2083605675","https://openalex.org/W2126716293","https://openalex.org/W2149364248","https://openalex.org/W2160266520","https://openalex.org/W2173433507","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W6738309533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070474099","https://openalex.org/W4237326092","https://openalex.org/W2350030381","https://openalex.org/W2138384413","https://openalex.org/W2079472124","https://openalex.org/W2048622857","https://openalex.org/W2554969999","https://openalex.org/W7095299858","https://openalex.org/W4388469610","https://openalex.org/W2065864413"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,6,23,26,30,61,70,83,98,123,127,136,141,154,168,172,185,194],"current":[3],"state":[4],"of":[5,25,35,100,115,156,162,174,193],"art,":[7],"salinity":[8,42,101],"is":[9,51,131,139],"a":[10,79,105,116,190,203],"quantity":[11],"computed":[12],"from":[13,104],"conductivity":[14,117,163],"ratio":[15],"measurements,":[16],"with":[17,143,184,207],"temperature":[18],"and":[19,28,69,108,182,197],"pressure":[20],"known":[21],"at":[22],"time":[24],"measurement,":[27],"using":[29,91],"Practical":[31],"Salinity":[32],"Scale":[33],"algorithm":[34],"1978":[36],"(PSS-78).":[37],"This":[38,138],"calculation":[39],"gives":[40],"practical":[41],"values":[43,50,102],"S.":[44],"The":[45,119,178],"uncertainty":[46,155],"expected":[47],"in":[48,75,171,202],"PSS-78":[49,128],"\u00b10.002,":[52],"but":[53],"no":[54],"details":[55],"have":[56],"ever":[57],"been":[58],"given":[59,180],"on":[60],"method":[62],"used":[63,201],"to":[64,73,126,152],"work":[65],"out":[66],"this":[67,76,95],"uncertainty,":[68],"error":[71],"sources":[72,196],"include":[74],"calculation.":[77],"Following":[78],"guide":[80],"published":[81],"by":[82],"Bureau":[84],"International":[85],"des":[86],"Poids":[87],"et":[88],"Mesures":[89],"(BIPM),":[90],"two":[92],"independent":[93],"methods,":[94],"paper":[96],"assesses":[97],"uncertainties":[99,161],"obtained":[103,183],"laboratory":[106,113],"salinometer":[107],"Conductivity-Temperature-Depth":[109],"(CTD)":[110],"measurements":[111,145],"after":[112],"calibration":[114],"cell.":[118],"results":[120],"show":[121],"that":[122],"part":[124,170],"due":[125],"relations":[129,179],"fits":[130],"sometimes":[132],"as":[133,135],"significant":[134],"instrument's.":[137],"particularly":[140],"case":[142],"CTD":[144],"where":[146],"correlations":[147],"between":[148],"variables":[149],"contribute":[150],"mainly":[151],"decreasing":[153],"S,":[157],"even":[158],"when":[159],"expanded":[160],"cell":[164],"calibrations":[165],"are":[166],"for":[167],"most":[169],"order":[173],"0.002":[175],"mS":[176],"cm\u22121.":[177],"here,":[181],"normalized":[186],"GUM":[187],"method,":[188],"allow":[189],"real":[191],"analysis":[192],"uncertainties'":[195],"they":[198],"can":[199],"be":[200],"more":[204],"general":[205],"way,":[206],"instruments":[208],"having":[209],"different":[210],"specifications.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}