{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138199639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","title":"The Legal Nature of the Firm and the Myth of the Firm-Market Hybrid","display_name":"The Legal Nature of the Firm and the Myth of the Firm-Market Hybrid","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138199639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","mag":"2138199639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13571510110102967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35090897","display_name":"International Journal of the Economics of Business","issn_l":"1357-1516","issn":["1357-1516","1466-1829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of the Economics of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/1/102900.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038285869","display_name":"Geoffrey Martin Hodgson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-3996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-3996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey M. Hodgson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038285869"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.2924,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99529296,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"37","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.3865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.3865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.36910000443458557,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14102","display_name":"Corporate Governance and Law","score":0.07500000298023224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundaries-of-the-firm","display_name":"firm boundaries","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-market","display_name":"internal market","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-contracts","display_name":"relational contracts","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcontracting","display_name":"subcontracting","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplier-networks","display_name":"supplier networks","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conglomerate","display_name":"conglomerate","score":0.8790000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.7252698540687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.5037693381309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4808540940284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4647046625614166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4447249174118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.3641670346260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.34109365940093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13571510110102967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13571510110102967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35090897","display_name":"International Journal of the Economics of Business","issn_l":"1357-1516","issn":["1357-1516","1466-1829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of the Economics of Business","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:116","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/1/102900.pdf","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/1/102900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/409","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/409","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:ijecbs:v:9:y:2002:i:1:p:37-60","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/13571510110102967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:116","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/1/102900.pdf","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/1/102900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138199639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2138199639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52679357","https://openalex.org/W59242865","https://openalex.org/W92380205","https://openalex.org/W134712659","https://openalex.org/W568876644","https://openalex.org/W649411389","https://openalex.org/W658486438","https://openalex.org/W1246888738","https://openalex.org/W1499091802","https://openalex.org/W1543212790","https://openalex.org/W1561560668","https://openalex.org/W1568151995","https://openalex.org/W1586724634","https://openalex.org/W1600373605","https://openalex.org/W1608206865","https://openalex.org/W1845382410","https://openalex.org/W1896490454","https://openalex.org/W1959465522","https://openalex.org/W1975524050","https://openalex.org/W1987131992","https://openalex.org/W1987438072","https://openalex.org/W2003137283","https://openalex.org/W2004676719","https://openalex.org/W2009955046","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2023704881","https://openalex.org/W2024045908","https://openalex.org/W2027262389","https://openalex.org/W2028589518","https://openalex.org/W2033676847","https://openalex.org/W2035252515","https://openalex.org/W2037120299","https://openalex.org/W2039251437","https://openalex.org/W2040865812","https://openalex.org/W2047979017","https://openalex.org/W2056451019","https://openalex.org/W2063900369","https://openalex.org/W2066886156","https://openalex.org/W2070022106","https://openalex.org/W2070639717","https://openalex.org/W2087357554","https://openalex.org/W2097273566","https://openalex.org/W2119836473","https://openalex.org/W2120488767","https://openalex.org/W2124013233","https://openalex.org/W2136825943","https://openalex.org/W2142734210","https://openalex.org/W2166184809","https://openalex.org/W2166814848","https://openalex.org/W2175803953","https://openalex.org/W2235290904","https://openalex.org/W2312418354","https://openalex.org/W2317785023","https://openalex.org/W2320986846","https://openalex.org/W2329506796","https://openalex.org/W2484428556","https://openalex.org/W2493129923","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2796743580","https://openalex.org/W2799074584","https://openalex.org/W2918149804","https://openalex.org/W2990428997","https://openalex.org/W3121282263","https://openalex.org/W3122093892","https://openalex.org/W3123309800","https://openalex.org/W3142089881","https://openalex.org/W3214604381","https://openalex.org/W4236412435","https://openalex.org/W4244691260","https://openalex.org/W4253205708","https://openalex.org/W4254233555","https://openalex.org/W4254548855","https://openalex.org/W4290016560","https://openalex.org/W4298859129","https://openalex.org/W4299972328","https://openalex.org/W4388062446","https://openalex.org/W4388078748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406049350","https://openalex.org/W2089812888","https://openalex.org/W3123631259","https://openalex.org/W2272875108","https://openalex.org/W7098927444","https://openalex.org/W2165008051","https://openalex.org/W2010819642","https://openalex.org/W7111987368","https://openalex.org/W3167384396","https://openalex.org/W7095368560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"sharp":[1],"conceptual":[2],"distinction":[3],"used":[4,98],"to":[5,69,99],"be":[6,97],"drawn":[7],"between":[8],"the":[9,12,16,25,28,40,53,58,75,110],"firm":[10,29],"and":[11,20,45,82,118],"market.":[13],"However,":[14],"since":[15],"1970s,":[17],"many":[18],"economists":[19],"sociologists":[21],"have":[22],"argued":[23,62],"that":[24,63],"boundaries":[26],"of":[27,34,39,42,46,57,77,109],"are":[30],"indistinct.":[31],"Ideas":[32],"emerged":[33],"'internal":[35,116],"markets'":[36,117],"within":[37],"firms,":[38],"'quasifirm',":[41],"'hybrid":[43,119],"firms'":[44,120],"firms":[47],"as":[48,91],"'quasi-markets'.":[49],"This":[50],"article":[51],"re-examines":[52],"formal,":[54],"legal":[55],"conception":[56],"firm.":[59,111],"It":[60],"is":[61,65],"there":[64],"no":[66],"good":[67],"reason":[68],"abandon":[70],"this":[71,113],"conception,":[72],"even":[73],"in":[74],"light":[76],"relational":[78],"contracting,":[79],"networking,":[80],"subcontracting":[81],"other":[83],"developments.":[84],"To":[85],"avoid":[86],"confusion,":[87],"additional":[88],"terms":[89],"such":[90],"'supplier":[92],"network'":[93],"or":[94],"'conglomerate'":[95],"should":[96],"describe":[100],"these":[101],"phenomena,":[102],"rather":[103],"than":[104],"abandoning":[105],"a":[106],"legally-based":[107],"definition":[108],"With":[112],"clarified":[114],"definition,":[115],"disappear":[121],"from":[122],"view.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}