{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138108692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","title":"Regulation lite: the rise of emissions trading","display_name":"Regulation lite: the rise of emissions trading","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138108692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","mag":"2138108692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63980162","display_name":"Law and Financial Markets Review","issn_l":"1752-1440","issn":["1752-1440","1752-1459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Financial Markets Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074481124","display_name":"Richard Baldwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-4157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1965-4157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Baldwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Economics and Political Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Economics and Political Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074481124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94033829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"262","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"emissions trading","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fairness","display_name":"fairness","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legitimacy","display_name":"legitimacy","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-legitimation","display_name":"democratic legitimation","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-based-regulation","display_name":"market-based regulation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability-policy","display_name":"sustainability policy","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checks-and-balances","display_name":"checks and balances","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.8408607244491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776845398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366139","display_name":"Legitimation","level":3,"score":0.6671427488327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.6668045520782471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991994803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Democratic legitimacy","level":4,"score":0.575782060623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5246286988258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4530279040336609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.43412110209465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.41684091091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.33297479152679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.2991925776004791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.22357779741287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.15707042813301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08763322234153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2008.11427970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63980162","display_name":"Law and Financial Markets Review","issn_l":"1752-1440","issn":["1752-1440","1752-1459"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Law and Financial Markets Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31116656","https://openalex.org/W290512225","https://openalex.org/W641113622","https://openalex.org/W650251174","https://openalex.org/W1492510119","https://openalex.org/W2005648378","https://openalex.org/W2011854210","https://openalex.org/W2080102480","https://openalex.org/W2085814276","https://openalex.org/W2091270666","https://openalex.org/W2334937522","https://openalex.org/W2399371894","https://openalex.org/W2743051507","https://openalex.org/W3122175731","https://openalex.org/W3170999623","https://openalex.org/W3212503745","https://openalex.org/W4231157298","https://openalex.org/W4232454465","https://openalex.org/W4232941730","https://openalex.org/W4234936951","https://openalex.org/W4241088280","https://openalex.org/W4249637001","https://openalex.org/W4255172836","https://openalex.org/W4302550585","https://openalex.org/W4319589921","https://openalex.org/W4403424371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246621096","https://openalex.org/W2088063197","https://openalex.org/W3122175731","https://openalex.org/W16715875","https://openalex.org/W2900497233","https://openalex.org/W1608232396","https://openalex.org/W2349579465","https://openalex.org/W6999874169","https://openalex.org/W7112819423","https://openalex.org/W7098175976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emissions":[0,31,73],"trading":[1,14,74],"is":[2,34,62,66,75,87,109],"the":[3,57,69,114,123],"governmentally":[4],"promoted":[5],"hope":[6],"for":[7],"a":[8,35,110],"sustainable":[9],"world.":[10],"In":[11],"different":[12],"contexts,":[13],"regimes":[15],"display":[16],"varying":[17],"potential":[18],"\u2013":[19,83],"both":[20],"in":[21,25,96,138,143],"absolute":[22],"terms":[23],"and":[24,47,56,128,133,146],"comparison":[26],"with":[27,77],"other":[28],"regulatory":[29],"instruments.":[30],"trading,":[32],"however,":[33],"device":[36],"that":[37,61,79,85],"raises":[38],"urgent":[39],"issues":[40,116],"regarding":[41],"its":[42,54],"objectives,":[43],"cost-effectiveness,":[44],"fairness,":[45],"transparency":[46],"legitimacy.":[48],"Its":[49],"use":[50,106],"places":[51],"emphasis":[52],"on":[53],"\u201cacceptability\u201d":[55],"virtues":[58],"of":[59,125,131],"regulation":[60],"\u201clite\u201d":[63],"because":[64,89],"it":[65,86,90],"non-threatening":[67],"to":[68,105,112,121,134],"most":[70],"powerful":[71],"interests.":[72],"resonant":[76],"assumptions":[78],"are":[80],"highly":[81],"contentious":[82],"notably":[84],"acceptable":[88],"involves":[91],"no":[92,102],"losers,":[93],"or":[94],"because,":[95],"desperate":[97],"global":[98],"circumstances,":[99],"we":[100],"have":[101],"choice":[103],"but":[104],"it.":[107],"There":[108],"need":[111],"confront":[113],"difficult":[115],"presented":[117],"by":[118],"emissions":[119],"trading;":[120],"face":[122],"challenges":[124],"combining":[126],"\u201cmarket\u201d":[127],"\u201cdemocratic\u201d":[129],"systems":[130],"legitimation;":[132],"avoid":[135],"taking":[136],"refuge":[137],"all":[139],"too":[140],"comfortable":[141],"beliefs":[142],"cumulative":[144],"checks":[145],"balances.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}