{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137836062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","title":"Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D","display_name":"Modulation of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses by Vitamin D","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137836062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","mag":"2137836062","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26035247","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4488782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu7064240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/6/4240/pdf?version=1435741999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2137836062"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/6/4240/pdf?version=1435741999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068939526","display_name":"Claire L. Greiller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claire Greiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004660768","display_name":"Adrian R. Martineau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-1721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-1721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Martineau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK","Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK. a.martineau@qmul.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AB, UK. a.martineau@qmul.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004660768","https://openalex.org/A5068939526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":1.6687,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":478,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85346359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"4240","last_page":"4270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11243","display_name":"Respiratory viral infections research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-metabolites","display_name":"vitamin D metabolites","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-viruses","display_name":"respiratory viruses","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"acute respiratory infections","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhinovirus","display_name":"rhinovirus","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-syncytial-virus","display_name":"respiratory syncytial virus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-a-virus","display_name":"influenza A virus","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-epithelial-cells","display_name":"airway epithelial cells","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-i-interferon","display_name":"type I interferon","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemokines","display_name":"chemokines","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-8","display_name":"interleukin-8","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cxcl10","display_name":"CXCL10","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha","display_name":"TNF-\u03b1","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication","display_name":"viral replication","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991678113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immune modulation","level":3,"score":0.7708733081817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7334954738616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.6063320636749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5645627379417419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.48509466648101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.43899422883987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.43520587682724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4238489866256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40662357211112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.40100887417793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14461445808410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07836034893989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007113","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Innate","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009980","descriptor_name":"Influenza A virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012136","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Syncytial Viruses","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012141","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012141","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012141","descriptor_name":"Respiratory Tract Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012229","descriptor_name":"Rhinovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014777","descriptor_name":"Virus Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014777","descriptor_name":"Virus Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014808","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D Deficiency","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015850","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-6","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016209","descriptor_name":"Interleukin-8","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048069","descriptor_name":"Tumor Necrosis Factors","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054357","descriptor_name":"Chemokine CXCL10","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056747","descriptor_name":"Immunomodulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu7064240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/6/4240/pdf?version=1435741999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3455265","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4488782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26035247","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26035247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4488782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4488782/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/42535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/42535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"4270","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu7064240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu7064240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/6/4240/pdf?version=1435741999","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2137836062.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2137836062.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":202,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5875779","https://openalex.org/W29847673","https://openalex.org/W79030178","https://openalex.org/W97368028","https://openalex.org/W181611809","https://openalex.org/W326173654","https://openalex.org/W1499978168","https://openalex.org/W1521828067","https://openalex.org/W1525356187","https://openalex.org/W1545794063","https://openalex.org/W1556684910","https://openalex.org/W1602287756","https://openalex.org/W1641990825","https://openalex.org/W1645379154","https://openalex.org/W1661091834","https://openalex.org/W1663317712","https://openalex.org/W1797064712","https://openalex.org/W1818149717","https://openalex.org/W1856165804","https://openalex.org/W1866685620","https://openalex.org/W1873747729","https://openalex.org/W1881370365","https://openalex.org/W1885898936","https://openalex.org/W1897274595","https://openalex.org/W1909439607","https://openalex.org/W1921818371","https://openalex.org/W1943160106","https://openalex.org/W1959196519","https://openalex.org/W1964308621","https://openalex.org/W1968870913","https://openalex.org/W1969305562","https://openalex.org/W1971393286","https://openalex.org/W1972181361","https://openalex.org/W1972269097","https://openalex.org/W1975647563","https://openalex.org/W1977043587","https://openalex.org/W1977885214","https://openalex.org/W1978359304","https://openalex.org/W1982485436","https://openalex.org/W1983129403","https://openalex.org/W1984638038","https://openalex.org/W1985558958","https://openalex.org/W1987035376","https://openalex.org/W1987087271","https://openalex.org/W1991309663","https://openalex.org/W1992274963","https://openalex.org/W1993086624","https://openalex.org/W1993347488","https://openalex.org/W1995717418","https://openalex.org/W1997349093","https://openalex.org/W1998133979","https://openalex.org/W1998577849","https://openalex.org/W1999307846","https://openalex.org/W2001805967","https://openalex.org/W2003566453","https://openalex.org/W2003639747","https://openalex.org/W2005032514","https://openalex.org/W2005427598","https://openalex.org/W2007223760","https://openalex.org/W2007303522","https://openalex.org/W2007331929","https://openalex.org/W2009127910","https://openalex.org/W2009758779","https://openalex.org/W2011380785","https://openalex.org/W2012894444","https://openalex.org/W2015039585","https://openalex.org/W2015087089","https://openalex.org/W2017081671","https://openalex.org/W2017161741","https://openalex.org/W2017335874","https://openalex.org/W2021265554","https://openalex.org/W2022224885","https://openalex.org/W2024513156","https://openalex.org/W2024976212","https://openalex.org/W2025897452","https://openalex.org/W2026312341","https://openalex.org/W2028701745","https://openalex.org/W2030626986","https://openalex.org/W2030727312","https://openalex.org/W2032809145","https://openalex.org/W2033122683","https://openalex.org/W2033606928","https://openalex.org/W2033809293","https://openalex.org/W2033912881","https://openalex.org/W2041933511","https://openalex.org/W2042433863","https://openalex.org/W2044645610","https://openalex.org/W2045412178","https://openalex.org/W2047016913","https://openalex.org/W2047680613","https://openalex.org/W2050084139","https://openalex.org/W2051378375","https://openalex.org/W2052885656","https://openalex.org/W2054805318","https://openalex.org/W2057198053","https://openalex.org/W2057346631","https://openalex.org/W2057792332","https://openalex.org/W2057986625","https://openalex.org/W2058186946","https://openalex.org/W2061203855","https://openalex.org/W2061271135","https://openalex.org/W2061600879","https://openalex.org/W2063088890","https://openalex.org/W2063095964","https://openalex.org/W2064257381","https://openalex.org/W2066686943","https://openalex.org/W2068148357","https://openalex.org/W2068463650","https://openalex.org/W2068698172","https://openalex.org/W2070820427","https://openalex.org/W2071113812","https://openalex.org/W2076361525","https://openalex.org/W2079357214","https://openalex.org/W2083373216","https://openalex.org/W2084326663","https://openalex.org/W2088340450","https://openalex.org/W2088966225","https://openalex.org/W2090407536","https://openalex.org/W2091139031","https://openalex.org/W2092025680","https://openalex.org/W2092303515","https://openalex.org/W2093577301","https://openalex.org/W2094285989","https://openalex.org/W2097027689","https://openalex.org/W2098388207","https://openalex.org/W2099926545","https://openalex.org/W2100626233","https://openalex.org/W2101781154","https://openalex.org/W2105225614","https://openalex.org/W2106120955","https://openalex.org/W2106426807","https://openalex.org/W2106449126","https://openalex.org/W2106606013","https://openalex.org/W2107818979","https://openalex.org/W2108101252","https://openalex.org/W2108279958","https://openalex.org/W2108507061","https://openalex.org/W2108825111","https://openalex.org/W2109865507","https://openalex.org/W2110540179","https://openalex.org/W2112164609","https://openalex.org/W2112331687","https://openalex.org/W2113235426","https://openalex.org/W2113748378","https://openalex.org/W2115779634","https://openalex.org/W2116151144","https://openalex.org/W2116558722","https://openalex.org/W2117075813","https://openalex.org/W2118564628","https://openalex.org/W2119600321","https://openalex.org/W2120335030","https://openalex.org/W2122256368","https://openalex.org/W2123347544","https://openalex.org/W2123426282","https://openalex.org/W2125804232","https://openalex.org/W2127163051","https://openalex.org/W2127259382","https://openalex.org/W2127755180","https://openalex.org/W2127820717","https://openalex.org/W2129275039","https://openalex.org/W2129942040","https://openalex.org/W2132174166","https://openalex.org/W2132822330","https://openalex.org/W2133006561","https://openalex.org/W2135604027","https://openalex.org/W2136490336","https://openalex.org/W2136806735","https://openalex.org/W2138328097","https://openalex.org/W2140496450","https://openalex.org/W2143127434","https://openalex.org/W2143565640","https://openalex.org/W2143578325","https://openalex.org/W2144422991","https://openalex.org/W2146349024","https://openalex.org/W2146714399","https://openalex.org/W2147516417","https://openalex.org/W2148178789","https://openalex.org/W2148861664","https://openalex.org/W2148985310","https://openalex.org/W2152322635","https://openalex.org/W2157207742","https://openalex.org/W2157653043","https://openalex.org/W2160258620","https://openalex.org/W2161053030","https://openalex.org/W2161208630","https://openalex.org/W2161320382","https://openalex.org/W2164128280","https://openalex.org/W2166559444","https://openalex.org/W2166648728","https://openalex.org/W2168966615","https://openalex.org/W2169110128","https://openalex.org/W2169759699","https://openalex.org/W2170814415","https://openalex.org/W2171593203","https://openalex.org/W2187834872","https://openalex.org/W2276614885","https://openalex.org/W2301131921","https://openalex.org/W2301503533","https://openalex.org/W2319302278","https://openalex.org/W2415813288","https://openalex.org/W2483268705","https://openalex.org/W6697762787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2529149698","https://openalex.org/W2901751456","https://openalex.org/W3196312728","https://openalex.org/W2553590861","https://openalex.org/W3123026725","https://openalex.org/W2117075813","https://openalex.org/W2084326663","https://openalex.org/W4225392821","https://openalex.org/W7221680614","https://openalex.org/W2973883078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Vitamin":[1,99],"D":[2,33,52,86,100,161],"deficiency":[3],"has":[4,39],"been":[5],"shown":[6],"to":[7,57,155,177],"be":[8],"independently":[9],"associated":[10],"with":[11,94],"increased":[12],"risk":[13],"of":[14,23,28,31,37,50,62,77,84,109,132,159,167],"viral":[15,172],"acute":[16],"respiratory":[17,58,90,95,111,121,164,178],"infection":[18],"(ARI)":[19],"in":[20,78,88,119],"a":[21],"number":[22],"observational":[24],"studies,":[25],"and":[26,130,139,141,147,174],"meta-analysis":[27],"clinical":[29],"trials":[30],"vitamin":[32,51,85,160],"supplementation":[34],"for":[35],"prevention":[36],"ARI":[38],"demonstrated":[40],"protective":[41],"effects.":[42],"Several":[43],"cellular":[44],"studies":[45,152],"have":[46],"investigated":[47],"the":[48,73,157],"effects":[49,158],"metabolites":[53,87,101,162],"on":[54,163],"immune":[55],"responses":[56],"viruses,":[59],"but":[60],"syntheses":[61],"these":[63],"reports":[64],"are":[65,153],"lacking.":[66],"SCOPE:":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"article,":[70],"we":[71],"review":[72],"literature":[74],"reporting":[75],"results":[76],"vitro":[79],"experiments":[80],"investigating":[81],"immunomodulatory":[82],"actions":[83],"human":[89,120],"epithelial":[91,122,179],"cells":[92],"infected":[93],"viruses.":[96],"KEY":[97],"FINDINGS:":[98],"do":[102,127],"not":[103],"consistently":[104],"influence":[105],"replication":[106],"or":[107,115],"clearance":[108],"rhinovirus,":[110],"syncytial":[112],"virus":[113,118],"(RSV)":[114],"influenza":[116],"A":[117],"cell":[123,168],"culture,":[124],"although":[125],"they":[126],"modulate":[128],"expression":[129,166],"secretion":[131],"type":[133],"1":[134],"interferon,":[135],"chemokines":[136],"including":[137],"CXCL8":[138],"CXCL10":[140],"pro-inflammatory":[142],"cytokines,":[143],"such":[144],"as":[145],"TNF":[146],"IL-6.":[148],"FUTURE":[149],"RESEARCH:":[150],"More":[151],"needed":[154],"clarify":[156],"virus-induced":[165],"surface":[169],"markers":[170],"mediating":[171],"entry":[173],"bacterial":[175],"adhesion":[176],"cells.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":82},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":107},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}