{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137804650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","title":"Teratogenic Effects of Vitamin a Palmitate in Fischer 344 Rats","display_name":"Teratogenic Effects of Vitamin a Palmitate in Fischer 344 Rats","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137804650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","mag":"2137804650","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7338207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3109/01480548109018135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17820993","display_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","issn_l":"0148-0545","issn":["0148-0545","1525-6014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"W. C. Hayes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. C. Hayes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011811799","display_name":"S. R. Cobel-Geard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Cobel-Geard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081204876","display_name":"Thomas R. Hanley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-202X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4465-202X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. R. Hanley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114028043","display_name":"J. S. Murray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Murray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063108933","display_name":"Nancy L. Freshour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. L. Freshour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. S. Rao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. S. Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113642525","display_name":"J.A. John","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133143","display_name":"Dow Chemical (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/032hx4q18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. A. John","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxicology Research Laboratory Health and Environmental Sciences, U.S.A. Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, 48640","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133143"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21945392,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"283","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12229","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.03629999980330467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinyl-palmitate","display_name":"retinyl palmitate","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teratogenicity","display_name":"teratogenicity","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-malformations","display_name":"fetal malformations","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-resorption","display_name":"fetal resorption","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-toxicity","display_name":"maternal toxicity","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cleft-palate","display_name":"cleft palate","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exencephaly","display_name":"exencephaly","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphthalmia","display_name":"microphthalmia","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydronephrosis","display_name":"hydronephrosis","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-abnormalities","display_name":"cardiac anomalies","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fischer-344-rats","display_name":"F344 rats","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-dose-response","display_name":"gestational dose-response","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774245","display_name":"Exencephaly","level":5,"score":0.9374363422393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65290608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631521","display_name":"Teratology","level":4,"score":0.9246044158935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777424935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527065","display_name":"Anophthalmia","level":4,"score":0.8157483339309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778085061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557239","display_name":"Microphthalmia","level":3,"score":0.7418135404586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.622410237789154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5474071502685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.5026407241821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5018162727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5011558532714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.49670010805130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179335377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266825","display_name":"Developmental toxicity","level":4,"score":0.4913715422153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776940978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34956","display_name":"Vitamin","level":2,"score":0.47406357526779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.4603635370731354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3100515","display_name":"Hypervitaminosis A","level":4,"score":0.45765578746795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3685932457447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779573558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424976","display_name":"Retinol","level":3,"score":0.33820754289627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3179387152194977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000084562","descriptor_name":"Retinyl Esters","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002972","descriptor_name":"Cleft Palate","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004224","descriptor_name":"Diterpenes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004622","descriptor_name":"Embryo, Mammalian","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010168","descriptor_name":"Palmitates","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011916","descriptor_name":"Rats, Inbred F344","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013723","descriptor_name":"Teratogens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014801","descriptor_name":"Vitamin A","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014801","descriptor_name":"Vitamin A","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3109/01480548109018135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3109/01480548109018135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17820993","display_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","issn_l":"0148-0545","issn":["0148-0545","1525-6014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and Chemical Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7338207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7338207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug and chemical toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523049668","https://openalex.org/W1638458828","https://openalex.org/W1977054375","https://openalex.org/W1978239142","https://openalex.org/W2002617716","https://openalex.org/W2014819908","https://openalex.org/W2034625955","https://openalex.org/W2043216871","https://openalex.org/W2070338278","https://openalex.org/W2145896384","https://openalex.org/W2197227471","https://openalex.org/W2237615593","https://openalex.org/W2569758629","https://openalex.org/W3026250823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382295436","https://openalex.org/W298089404","https://openalex.org/W2037709275","https://openalex.org/W2168051677","https://openalex.org/W1979979122","https://openalex.org/W2040455367","https://openalex.org/W3148859328","https://openalex.org/W7034163807","https://openalex.org/W7135331020","https://openalex.org/W2028953070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prior":[0],"to":[1,14,21,104,141,155],"employing":[2],"the":[3,16,76,89,107,136,157],"Fischer":[4,25,90,137],"344":[5,26,91,138],"rat":[6,139],"in":[7,88,152],"teratology":[8],"studies,":[9],"it":[10,132],"was":[11,73,84,98],"considered":[12],"necessary":[13],"establish":[15],"responsiveness":[17],"of":[18,45,56,95,160],"this":[19],"strain":[20],"teratogenic":[22,87,144,158],"agents.":[23,162],"Bred":[24],"rats":[27],"were":[28],"administered":[29],"0,":[30],"3.2,":[31],"32,":[32],"or":[33,39],"128":[34,77],"mg/kg/day":[35,78],"(approximately":[36],"1,000,":[37],"10,000,":[38],"40,000":[40],"USP":[41],"units":[42],"per":[43],"animal)":[44],"vitamin":[46],"A":[47],"palmitate":[48],"by":[49,62],"gavage":[50],"on":[51,129],"days":[52],"6":[53],"through":[54],"15":[55],"gestation.":[57],"Maternal":[58],"toxicity,":[59],"as":[60,102],"evidenced":[61],"decreased":[63,68],"body":[64],"weight":[65],"gain,":[66],"and":[67,70,86,122,125,146],"food":[69],"water":[71],"consumption,":[72],"observed":[74,111],"at":[75],"dose":[79],"level.":[80],"This":[81],"dosage":[82],"level":[83],"embryolethal":[85],"rat.":[92],"The":[93],"incidence":[94],"fetal":[96],"resorptions":[97],"statistically":[99],"significantly":[100],"increased":[101],"compared":[103],"controls.":[105],"Among":[106],"surviving":[108],"fetuses,":[109],"malformations":[110],"included":[112],"cleft":[113],"palate,":[114],"exencephaly,":[115],"microphthalmia,":[116],"anophthalmia,":[117],"hydronephrosis,":[118],"brachygnathia,":[119],"pinna":[120],"anomalies,":[121],"great":[123],"vessel":[124],"heart":[126],"anomalies.":[127],"Based":[128],"these":[130],"findings,":[131],"is":[133,148],"concluded":[134],"that":[135],"responded":[140],"a":[142],"known":[143],"agent":[145],"hence":[147],"appropriate":[149],"for":[150],"use":[151],"studies":[153],"designed":[154],"evaluate":[156],"potential":[159],"test":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}