{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137768965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","title":"The Mentor\u2019s Dilemma: Providing Critical Feedback Across the Racial Divide","display_name":"The Mentor\u2019s Dilemma: Providing Critical Feedback Across the Racial Divide","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137768965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","mag":"2137768965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0146167299258011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187348256","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","issn_l":"0146-1672","issn":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112820443","display_name":"Geoffrey L. Cohen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3565-6915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3565-6915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey L. Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,","Yale U, Dept of Psychology, New Haven, CT, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale U, Dept of Psychology, New Haven, CT, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112782186","display_name":"Claude M. Steele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude M. Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109737158","display_name":"Lee D. Ross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee D. Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":530,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99043912,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"10","first_page":"1302","last_page":"1318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.26759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.2565999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.17960000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-feedback","display_name":"critical feedback","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-differences","display_name":"racial differences","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-students","display_name":"Black students","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-students","display_name":"white students","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentoring","display_name":"mentoring","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-student-relationship","display_name":"teacher-student relationship","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/examiner-bias","display_name":"evaluator bias","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-motivation","display_name":"task motivation","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-standards","display_name":"high standards","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.6980000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775868214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208425","display_name":"Praise","level":2,"score":0.8175863027572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7679507732391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.6482958793640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.6439846158027649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6032230854034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992700788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racial bias","level":3,"score":0.45563971996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671839","display_name":"Invocation","level":2,"score":0.4288424849510193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.2631390690803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0146167299258011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299258011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187348256","display_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","issn_l":"0146-1672","issn":["0146-1672","1552-7433"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.116.9737","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.116.9737","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/25/10/1302.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.995.1303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.995.1303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://psp.sagepub.com/content/25/10/1302.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4880924","https://openalex.org/W608175455","https://openalex.org/W648773090","https://openalex.org/W1493117444","https://openalex.org/W1505316689","https://openalex.org/W1577762075","https://openalex.org/W1694248630","https://openalex.org/W1892350722","https://openalex.org/W1933657216","https://openalex.org/W1968522341","https://openalex.org/W1972987799","https://openalex.org/W1976944960","https://openalex.org/W1977077044","https://openalex.org/W1978787394","https://openalex.org/W1984823623","https://openalex.org/W1985776434","https://openalex.org/W1986297239","https://openalex.org/W1992384186","https://openalex.org/W1994426670","https://openalex.org/W1995614765","https://openalex.org/W1996212322","https://openalex.org/W1996652948","https://openalex.org/W1999101262","https://openalex.org/W2001021897","https://openalex.org/W2002085308","https://openalex.org/W2004433964","https://openalex.org/W2013137399","https://openalex.org/W2013232246","https://openalex.org/W2013586505","https://openalex.org/W2022768097","https://openalex.org/W2023744237","https://openalex.org/W2032393814","https://openalex.org/W2047982742","https://openalex.org/W2057369947","https://openalex.org/W2058848600","https://openalex.org/W2063330469","https://openalex.org/W2074346994","https://openalex.org/W2075382077","https://openalex.org/W2076300620","https://openalex.org/W2077179236","https://openalex.org/W2091568745","https://openalex.org/W2111766109","https://openalex.org/W2116375446","https://openalex.org/W2120495185","https://openalex.org/W2134049139","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2138744785","https://openalex.org/W2139475909","https://openalex.org/W2152001559","https://openalex.org/W2155648052","https://openalex.org/W2156206985","https://openalex.org/W2161923363","https://openalex.org/W2167884222","https://openalex.org/W2171279142","https://openalex.org/W2316686710","https://openalex.org/W2728595322","https://openalex.org/W2802506531","https://openalex.org/W2945424237","https://openalex.org/W3137475379","https://openalex.org/W4230898300","https://openalex.org/W4233188495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096967491","https://openalex.org/W7097710901","https://openalex.org/W4415616853","https://openalex.org/W2050019157","https://openalex.org/W2782180334","https://openalex.org/W2101783467","https://openalex.org/W2074346994","https://openalex.org/W2049197819","https://openalex.org/W2908035037","https://openalex.org/W2118338939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"studies":[1],"examined":[2],"the":[3,43,55,71,134],"response":[4],"of":[5,42,49,63,70,117,125,136],"Black":[6,26,78],"and":[7,46,66,86,95,133,141],"White":[8,37,84],"students":[9,27,38,79,85],"to":[10,21,74,130],"critical":[11,31,131],"feedback":[12,32,56],"presented":[13],"either":[14,107],"alone":[15,120],"or":[16,113],"buffered":[17],"with":[18,92,108,114],"additional":[19],"information":[20],"ameliorate":[22],"its":[23],"negative":[24],"effects.":[25],"who":[28],"received":[29],"unbuffered":[30],"responded":[33,80],"less":[34],"favorably":[35],"than":[36,104],"both":[39,59,87],"in":[40,47,127],"ratings":[41],"evaluator\u2019s":[44],"bias":[45],"measures":[48],"task":[50],"motivation.":[51],"By":[52],"contrast,":[53],"when":[54],"was":[57],"accompanied":[58],"by":[60,67],"an":[61,68,115],"invocation":[62,116],"high":[64,118],"standards":[65,119],"assurance":[69],"student\u2019s":[72],"capacity":[73],"reach":[75],"those":[76],"standards,":[77],"as":[81,83],"positively":[82],"groups":[88],"reported":[89],"enhanced":[90],"identification":[91],"relevant":[93],"skills":[94],"careers.":[96],"This":[97],"\u201cwise,\u201d":[98],"two-faceted":[99],"intervention":[100],"proved":[101],"more":[102],"effective":[103],"buffering":[105],"criticism":[106],"performance":[109],"praise":[110],"(Study":[111,121],"1)":[112],"2).":[122],"The":[123],"role":[124],"stigma":[126],"mediating":[128],"responses":[129],"feedback,":[132],"implications":[135],"our":[137],"results":[138],"for":[139],"mentoring":[140],"other":[142],"teacher-student":[143],"interactions,":[144],"are":[145],"explored.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
