{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137642729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","title":"Economic Development, Competition Policy, and the World Trade Organization","display_name":"Economic Development, Competition Policy, and the World Trade Organization","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137642729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","mag":"2137642729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/2055811/economic-development-competition-policy-world-trade-organization","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048560945","display_name":"Petros C. Mavroidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4213-4849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4213-4849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros C. Mavroidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","European University Institute - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European University Institute - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027957431","display_name":"Bernard M. Hoekman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-7142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6839-7142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernard Hoekman","raw_affiliation_strings":["","European University Institute - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)","Columbia University - Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"European University Institute - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University - Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.02879999950528145,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-policy","display_name":"competition policy","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-trade-organization","display_name":"World Trade Organization","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartels","display_name":"cartels","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"collusion","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-discrimination","display_name":"non-discrimination","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateral-trade-negotiations","display_name":"multilateral trade negotiations","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-constraints","display_name":"capacity constraints","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition-authorities","display_name":"competition authorities","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-prices","display_name":"consumer prices","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-access","display_name":"market access","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.663962185382843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987849355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326498","display_name":"Competition policy","level":3,"score":0.5544424057006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.5493112802505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4480837881565094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4297153949737549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3977097272872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3836904764175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3206285238265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.04520377516746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.044590771198272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2917","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/11/22/000094946_02111404425138/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/11/22/000094946_02111404425138/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarship.law.columbia.edu:faculty_scholarship-3401","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3125730059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wbkwbrwps/2917.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025445050","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2917","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/19221","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/2055811/economic-development-competition-policy-world-trade-organization","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/19221","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/2055811/economic-development-competition-policy-world-trade-organization","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.48510000109672546,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117072065","https://openalex.org/W641282607","https://openalex.org/W817316396","https://openalex.org/W965215219","https://openalex.org/W1479849316","https://openalex.org/W1538328967","https://openalex.org/W1541851578","https://openalex.org/W1561599021","https://openalex.org/W1581775978","https://openalex.org/W1607826391","https://openalex.org/W1615913351","https://openalex.org/W1803881538","https://openalex.org/W1950078132","https://openalex.org/W1976846004","https://openalex.org/W1983427231","https://openalex.org/W1986171870","https://openalex.org/W1993690131","https://openalex.org/W1995154783","https://openalex.org/W1995920323","https://openalex.org/W2001978168","https://openalex.org/W2008015739","https://openalex.org/W2027365080","https://openalex.org/W2040722502","https://openalex.org/W2044963904","https://openalex.org/W2071407255","https://openalex.org/W2074731311","https://openalex.org/W2079851290","https://openalex.org/W2091096263","https://openalex.org/W2092695271","https://openalex.org/W2108492975","https://openalex.org/W2127458285","https://openalex.org/W2139896179","https://openalex.org/W2170170386","https://openalex.org/W2191740782","https://openalex.org/W2270274881","https://openalex.org/W2527331948","https://openalex.org/W2576810506","https://openalex.org/W2884006660","https://openalex.org/W2890376008","https://openalex.org/W3023294031","https://openalex.org/W3037786365","https://openalex.org/W3121655180","https://openalex.org/W3121878440","https://openalex.org/W3122780891","https://openalex.org/W3123955323","https://openalex.org/W3148261514","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301240028","https://openalex.org/W4301910551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096881659","https://openalex.org/W1551611007","https://openalex.org/W3124645932","https://openalex.org/W7097641867","https://openalex.org/W3122415793","https://openalex.org/W813966938","https://openalex.org/W2497998857","https://openalex.org/W2527836316","https://openalex.org/W1565308550","https://openalex.org/W3143254993"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"the":[1,13,23,34,95,117,161,184],"recent":[2],"WTO":[3,9,36,42,55,112,180],"ministerial":[4,37],"meeting":[5],"in":[6,38,41,101,122,138,146,155,158],"Doha,":[7],"Qatar,":[8],"members":[10],"called":[11],"for":[12,49,89],"launch":[14],"of":[15,25,54,98,160,163,188,198],"negotiations":[16],"on":[17,22,28],"disciplines":[18,57,114],"relating":[19],"to":[20,30,65,108,149,194],"competition,":[21],"basis":[24],"explicit":[26],"consensus":[27],"modalities":[29],"be":[31,105,183],"agreed":[32],"at":[33],"5th":[35],"2003.":[39],"Discussions":[40],"since":[43],"1997":[44],"have":[45],"revealed":[46],"little":[47],"support":[48],"ambitious":[50],"multilateral":[51],"action.":[52],"Proponents":[53],"antitrust":[56,113],"currently":[58],"propose":[59],"an":[60,80,195],"agreement":[61,81],"that":[62,79,120,135,174],"is":[63,172],"limited":[64],"\u2018core":[66],"principles\u2019":[67],"\u2013":[68],"nondiscrimination,":[69],"transparency,":[70],"and":[71,142,191,200],"provisions":[72],"banning":[73],"\u2018hard":[74],"core\u2019":[75],"cartels.":[76],"We":[77],"argue":[78],"along":[82],"such":[83],"lines":[84],"will":[85,182],"create":[86],"compliance":[87],"costs":[88],"developing":[90,139,165],"countries":[91,148],"while":[92],"not":[93],"addressing":[94],"anticompetitive":[96],"behavior":[97],"firms":[99,131,153],"located":[100,154],"foreign":[102],"jurisdictions.":[103],"To":[104],"unambiguously":[106],"beneficial":[107],"low-income":[109],"countries,":[110],"any":[111],"should":[115],"recognize":[116],"capacity":[118],"constraints":[119],"prevail":[121],"these":[123],"economies,":[124],"make":[125],"illegal":[126],"collusive":[127],"business":[128],"practices":[129],"by":[130],"with":[132],"international":[133],"operations":[134],"raise":[136],"prices":[137,190],"country":[140,166],"markets,":[141],"require":[143],"competition":[144],"authorities":[145],"high-income":[147],"take":[150],"action":[151],"against":[152],"their":[156],"jurisdictions":[157],"defense":[159],"interests":[162],"affected":[164],"consumers.":[167],"More":[168],"generally,":[169],"a":[170],"case":[171],"made":[173],"traditional":[175],"liberalization":[176],"commitments":[177],"using":[178],"existing":[179],"fora":[181],"most":[185],"effective":[186],"means":[187],"lowering":[189],"increasing":[192],"access":[193],"expanded":[196],"variety":[197],"goods":[199],"services.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
