{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137286209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","title":"Commercial Use of Nonmotorized Transport: Evidence from Accra, Ghana","display_name":"Commercial Use of Nonmotorized Transport: Evidence from Accra, Ghana","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137286209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","mag":"2137286209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198196156300101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049379148","display_name":"Fred Amponsah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}],"countries":["GH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred Amponsah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Social Administration Unit, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Social Administration Unit, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103400055","display_name":"Jeff Turner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Architecture, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Architecture, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082682378","display_name":"Margaret Grieco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margaret Grieco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Africa Technical Department, Human Resources Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Africa Technical Department, Human Resources Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012807887","display_name":"Andrews Kwablah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrews Kwablah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban Roads, Ministry of Roads and Highways, P.O. Box M57, Accra, Ghana"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban Roads, Ministry of Roads and Highways, P.O. Box M57, Accra, Ghana","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012774669","display_name":"Paul Guitink","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138690464","display_name":"University of Ghana","ror":"https://ror.org/01r22mr83","country_code":"GH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138690464"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB","GH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Guitink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation, Water, and Urban Development Department, Transport Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation, Water, and Urban Development Department, Transport Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54901961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1563","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.04859999939799309,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.026599999517202377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petty-trade","display_name":"petty trade","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-merchants","display_name":"women traders","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicycle-transport","display_name":"bicycle transport","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-transportation","display_name":"low-cost transportation","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank-projects","display_name":"World Bank projects","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accra","display_name":"Accra","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6302360892295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.5150129795074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4909844696521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.4463118314743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22471237182617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1963130533695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07988661527633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0361198196156300101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3141/1563-01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1563-01","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1563-01","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W254073124","https://openalex.org/W571417493","https://openalex.org/W582070724","https://openalex.org/W629933882","https://openalex.org/W1561944597","https://openalex.org/W2170789141","https://openalex.org/W2484300057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2288078077","https://openalex.org/W582070724","https://openalex.org/W563321638","https://openalex.org/W635071604","https://openalex.org/W4214555783","https://openalex.org/W298153732","https://openalex.org/W6959994945","https://openalex.org/W189160302","https://openalex.org/W6999812142","https://openalex.org/W6989121653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,113],"traders":[1],"of":[2,9,24,44,50,62,74,85,94,107,117,121,144],"Accra,":[3],"Ghana,":[4],"continue":[5],"to":[6,70,102],"make":[7,90],"use":[8,61,120],"hand-pushed":[10],"and":[11,41,104,115,134,141],"hand-pulled":[12],"carts":[13],"for":[14,87,148],"moving":[15],"their":[16,37],"stock":[17],"across":[18],"the":[19,60,71,92,118,128,142],"city.":[20],"These":[21],"non-motorized":[22],"forms":[23],"transport":[25,86,123],"play":[26],"a":[27,31,48,56,82],"key":[28],"role":[29],"in":[30,124],"low-income":[32],"economy;":[33],"developing":[34,149],"economies,":[35],"with":[36],"large":[38],"informal":[39],"sectors":[40],"plentiful":[42],"supply":[43],"petty-trading":[45],"enterprises,":[46],"contain":[47],"preponderance":[49],"enterprises":[51],"having":[52],"restricted":[53],"capital":[54],"bases,":[55],"condition":[57],"that":[58,132],"requires":[59],"low-cost":[63],"transportation.":[64],"bicycle,":[66],"although":[67],"well":[68],"suited":[69],"small-load":[72],"requirements":[73],"much":[75],"petty":[76],"trading,":[77],"is":[78,110,126,139,151],"not":[79],"regarded":[80],"as":[81],"suitable":[83],"mode":[84],"women,":[88],"who":[89],"up":[91],"majority":[93],"Ghana's":[95],"traders.":[96],"A":[97],"World":[98,129],"Bank":[99,130],"project":[100,131],"designed":[101],"support":[103],"promote":[105],"models":[106],"nonmotorized":[108,122,145],"transportation":[109,137,146],"being":[111],"implemented.":[112],"practices":[114],"prospects":[116],"commercial":[119],"Ghana":[125],"discussed,":[127],"supports":[133],"promotes":[135],"these":[136],"modes":[138,147],"described,":[140],"appropriateness":[143],"economies":[150],"discussed.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
