{"id":"https://openalex.org/W213722380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","title":"The Triads as Business","display_name":"The Triads as Business","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W213722380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","mag":"213722380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203030004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031949896","display_name":"Yiu Kong Chu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiu-kong Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031949896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89161013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triads","display_name":"triads","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organized-crime","display_name":"organized crime","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extortion","display_name":"extortion","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-trafficking","display_name":"drug trafficking","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-smuggling","display_name":"migrant smuggling","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gambling","display_name":"gambling","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emigration","display_name":"emigration","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-mafia","display_name":"Italian mafia","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hong-kong","display_name":"Hong Kong","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4350256323814392}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203030004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203030004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-028587819","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=60757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/120570","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/120570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565319571","https://openalex.org/W635732620","https://openalex.org/W1990010221","https://openalex.org/W2003140633","https://openalex.org/W2064091853","https://openalex.org/W2121219339","https://openalex.org/W2772669851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986519239","https://openalex.org/W2023404709","https://openalex.org/W4234174724","https://openalex.org/W2921894323","https://openalex.org/W1493275251","https://openalex.org/W2066164810","https://openalex.org/W188859376","https://openalex.org/W2285645294","https://openalex.org/W2922299758","https://openalex.org/W2481125174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"no":[2],"doubt":[3],"that":[4,31,103,124],"the":[5,19,37,44,47,53,60,66,100,109,113,119,154,180],"triads":[6,106,127,181],"have":[7,27],"become":[8],"recognized":[9],"as":[10,59,92,112,131,138,164,166,171,182],"a":[11,50,174,185],"sophisticated":[12],"and":[13,81,83,97,151,162,176],"international":[14],"criminal":[15,116],"force":[16],"and,":[17],"following":[18],"handover":[20],"of":[21,52,62,153,179,184],"Hong":[22,54,104,125,158],"Kong":[23,55,69,105,126],"to":[24,36,99],"China,":[25],"there":[26],"been":[28],"increasing":[29],"fears":[30],"their":[32,72,74,84],"influence":[33],"will":[34],"spread":[35],"West":[38],"through":[39],"emigration.":[40],"This":[41],"book":[42,122],"investigates":[43],"reality":[45],"behind":[46],"myth":[48],"with":[49,147],"study":[51],"triads,":[56,155],"generally":[57],"regarded":[58],"headquarters":[61],"triad":[63,149],"societies":[64],"throughout":[65],"world.":[67],"Yiu":[68],"Chu":[70],"examines":[71],"origins,":[73],"organized":[75],"extortion":[76],"from":[77,157],"legitimate":[78],"businesses":[79],"large":[80],"small,":[82],"more":[85],"recent":[86],"moves":[87],"into":[88],"illegal":[89],"activities":[90],"such":[91],"drug":[93],"trafficking,":[94],"human":[95],"smuggling":[96],"gambling.Contrary":[98],"popular":[101],"belief":[102],"are":[107],"replacing":[108],"Italian":[110],"Mafia":[111],"most":[114],"powerful":[115,139],"organization":[117],"in":[118,142],"world,":[120],"this":[121],"argues":[123],"may":[128],"be":[129],"declining,":[130],"other":[132],"ethnic":[133],"Chinese":[134],"crime":[135,140],"gangs":[136],"emerge":[137],"groups":[141],"Western":[143],"societies.Based":[144],"on":[145],"interviews":[146],"ex":[148],"members":[150],"victims":[152],"police":[156],"Kong,":[159],"mainland":[160],"China":[161],"Europe,":[163],"well":[165],"documentary":[167],"evidence":[168],"The":[169],"Triads":[170],"Business":[172],"gives":[173],"vivid":[175],"compelling":[177],"picture":[178],"part":[183],"wider":[186],"society.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
