{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137207676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","title":"Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Variables in Adolescents","display_name":"Effects of Physical Activity on Psychological Variables in Adolescents","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137207676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","mag":"2137207676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1123/pes.6.4.406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83692137","display_name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","issn_l":"0899-8493","issn":["0899-8493","1543-2920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108416802","display_name":"Karen J. Calfas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen J. Calfas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067773728","display_name":"Wendell C. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-3025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-3025"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wendell C. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":413,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9455707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"406","last_page":"423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13488","display_name":"Recreational Sport and Physical Activity","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3319","display_name":"Life-span and Life-course Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-concept","display_name":"self-concept","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"anxiety","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hostility","display_name":"hostility","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anger","display_name":"anger","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-functioning","display_name":"intellectual functioning","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disorders","display_name":"mental illness","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"academic performance","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerobic-exercise","display_name":"aerobic exercise","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781214261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2729863","display_name":"Hostility","level":2,"score":0.8835146427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.8795424699783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7594665884971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6900351047515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.6286260485649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5832552909851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778319590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10981881","display_name":"Self-esteem","level":2,"score":0.513668954372406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.4536222815513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.24742817878723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18366780877113342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.11717990040779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1123/pes.6.4.406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83692137","display_name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","issn_l":"0899-8493","issn":["0899-8493","1543-2920"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322142","host_organization_name":"Human Kinetics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Human Kinetics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatric Exercise Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096093999","https://openalex.org/W2904388137","https://openalex.org/W7009612285","https://openalex.org/W2938275568","https://openalex.org/W4403072983","https://openalex.org/W2408612225","https://openalex.org/W1949574739","https://openalex.org/W2966115055","https://openalex.org/W2791055814","https://openalex.org/W4402596225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"identify":[1],"the":[2],"most":[3],"consistent":[4],"relationships":[5],"among":[6],"psychological":[7],"variables":[8],"and":[9,29,46,54,59,66],"physical":[10,75,83],"activity":[11,35,76,84,106],"in":[12,41,85,101],"youth":[13,86],"(ages":[14],"11-21":[15],"years),":[16],"20":[17],"articles":[18],"on":[19],"depression,":[20,60],"anxiety,":[21],"stress,":[22],"self-esteem,":[23,42],"self-concept,":[24,43],"hostility,":[25],"anger,":[26],"intellectual":[27],"functioning,":[28],"psychiatric":[30],"disorders":[31],"were":[32,51,77],"reviewed.":[33],"Physical":[34],"was":[36,69],"consistently":[37],"related":[38],"to":[39,94],"improvements":[40],"depressive":[44],"symptoms,":[45],"anxiety/stress.":[47],"The":[48,62,79],"effect":[49],"sizes":[50],"+.12,":[52],"-.15,":[53],"-.38":[55],"for":[56,64,112],"self-esteem/self-concept,":[57],"stress/anxiety,":[58],"respectively.":[61],"evidence":[63],"hostility/anger":[65],"academic":[67],"achievement":[68],"inconclusive.":[70],"No":[71],"negative":[72],"effects":[73],"of":[74,115],"reported.":[78],"literature":[80],"suggests":[81],"that":[82],"is":[87,92],"psychologically":[88],"beneficial.":[89],"More":[90],"research":[91],"needed":[93],"confirm":[95],"previous":[96],"findings.":[97],"Adolescents":[98],"should":[99],"engage":[100],"moderate":[102],"or":[103],"vigorous":[104],"aerobic":[105],"approximately":[107],"three":[108],"times":[109],"per":[110,120],"week":[111],"a":[113],"total":[114],"at":[116],"least":[117],"60":[118],"minutes":[119],"week.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}