{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137165348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","title":"Historical Range, Current Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Swift Fox, Vulpes velox, in North America","display_name":"Historical Range, Current Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Swift Fox, Vulpes velox, in North America","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137165348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","mag":"2137165348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","pdf_url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/1004/1008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3010240","display_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","issn_l":"0008-3550","issn":["0008-3550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263201","host_organization_name":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263201"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/1004/1008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003569037","display_name":"Marsha A. Sovada","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021187","display_name":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0135q5q22","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marsha A. Sovada","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070516643","display_name":"Robert O. Woodward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021187","display_name":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0135q5q22","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert O. Woodward","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024104655","display_name":"Lawrence D. Igl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021187","display_name":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0135q5q22","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence D. Igl","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th Street SE, Jamestown, North Dakota 58401","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021187"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021187"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"123","issue":"4","first_page":"346","last_page":"346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swift-fox","display_name":"swift fox","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulpes-velox","display_name":"Vulpes velox","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-range","display_name":"historical range","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-distribution","display_name":"current distribution","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-status","display_name":"conservation status","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threatened-species","display_name":"threatened species","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortgrass-steppe","display_name":"shortgrass steppe","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-grass-prairie","display_name":"mixed-grass prairie","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-suitability","display_name":"habitat suitability","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"land use","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-settlement","display_name":"European settlement","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline-ecology","display_name":"population decline (ecology)","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-loss","display_name":"habitat loss","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dryland-agriculture","display_name":"rainfed agriculture","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.8309949636459351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776082042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185194","display_name":"Vulpes","level":3,"score":0.7330591678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6730263233184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.6561741232872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6209514141082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780737616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82673","display_name":"Conservation status","level":3,"score":0.5892302989959717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.5798277258872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5379090905189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77077793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336019","display_name":"Abundance (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5126349329948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47075727581977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.4536338746547699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4250786602497101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132124917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4257161","display_name":"Species distribution","level":3,"score":0.4199559688568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.39930394291877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.29131072759628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.10776031017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","pdf_url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/1004/1008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3010240","display_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","issn_l":"0008-3550","issn":["0008-3550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263201","host_organization_name":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263201"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:biodiversitylibrary.org:part/353091","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/353091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402618","display_name":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","host_organization_name":"Smithsonian Institution","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i4.1004","pdf_url":"https://www.canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/index.php/cfn/article/download/1004/1008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3010240","display_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","issn_l":"0008-3550","issn":["0008-3550"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324263201","host_organization_name":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324263201"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Field-Naturalist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2137165348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2137165348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7033946","https://openalex.org/W100903262","https://openalex.org/W145258449","https://openalex.org/W623151849","https://openalex.org/W630318370","https://openalex.org/W744974093","https://openalex.org/W1499720408","https://openalex.org/W1511439343","https://openalex.org/W1525832928","https://openalex.org/W1580131954","https://openalex.org/W1963930021","https://openalex.org/W1965184733","https://openalex.org/W1988843195","https://openalex.org/W1990120746","https://openalex.org/W2008532544","https://openalex.org/W2014317435","https://openalex.org/W2017313182","https://openalex.org/W2023222790","https://openalex.org/W2029889826","https://openalex.org/W2037956683","https://openalex.org/W2047991634","https://openalex.org/W2048906593","https://openalex.org/W2062133563","https://openalex.org/W2066941500","https://openalex.org/W2074036896","https://openalex.org/W2076989511","https://openalex.org/W2086970611","https://openalex.org/W2099016007","https://openalex.org/W2148007371","https://openalex.org/W2175629742","https://openalex.org/W2180468529","https://openalex.org/W2279127048","https://openalex.org/W2312481484","https://openalex.org/W2312856909","https://openalex.org/W2314240745","https://openalex.org/W2314686152","https://openalex.org/W2324949340","https://openalex.org/W2325958043","https://openalex.org/W2326448328","https://openalex.org/W2327275029","https://openalex.org/W2327275999","https://openalex.org/W2331125299","https://openalex.org/W2331641915","https://openalex.org/W2332782385","https://openalex.org/W2335047312","https://openalex.org/W2339606338","https://openalex.org/W2411259603","https://openalex.org/W2482316628","https://openalex.org/W2744937870","https://openalex.org/W2796170636","https://openalex.org/W2800570772","https://openalex.org/W2943935505","https://openalex.org/W2975130181","https://openalex.org/W3031392330","https://openalex.org/W3173243145","https://openalex.org/W3217172698","https://openalex.org/W4246268827","https://openalex.org/W4248654642","https://openalex.org/W4255690284","https://openalex.org/W4299828266","https://openalex.org/W4300029207","https://openalex.org/W4391417030","https://openalex.org/W4391459298","https://openalex.org/W4391479714","https://openalex.org/W6617515718","https://openalex.org/W6641472509","https://openalex.org/W6701512881","https://openalex.org/W6704463777","https://openalex.org/W6750190831","https://openalex.org/W6778585198","https://openalex.org/W6812087141","https://openalex.org/W6830206208","https://openalex.org/W6912218609","https://openalex.org/W6949382672","https://openalex.org/W6987627386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066049962","https://openalex.org/W2253495063","https://openalex.org/W7170239529","https://openalex.org/W7099583715","https://openalex.org/W7101029741","https://openalex.org/W2180468529","https://openalex.org/W7219983693","https://openalex.org/W3138372455","https://openalex.org/W2588268628","https://openalex.org/W2101418302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,164],"Swift":[1,60,197,255,299,317],"Fox":[2,61,198,256,300],"(Vulpes":[3],"velox)":[4],"was":[5,107,112,127,137,141],"once":[6],"common":[7],"in":[8,174,181,228,234],"the":[9,15,33,36,39,46,68,84,88,93,110,124,128,148,158,186,190,192,196,214,229,243,288,303],"shortgrass":[10],"and":[11,25,53,73,96,154,162,212,232,258],"mixed-grass":[12],"prairies":[13],"of":[14,18,32,49,83,103,123,147,157,166,185,189,195,224,242,287,308],"Great":[16],"Plains":[17],"North":[19],"America.":[20],"species'":[22,85,149,159,215,244],"abundance":[23,72],"declined":[24],"its":[26,50,54,225],"distribution":[27,74,150,161,217],"retracted":[28],"following":[29],"European":[30,152],"settlement":[31,153],"plains.":[34],"By":[35],"late":[37],"1800s,":[38],"species":[40,111],"had":[41],"been":[42],"largely":[43],"extirpated":[44],"from":[45,114],"northern":[47],"portion":[48],"historical":[51,77,193,226,245,289],"range,":[52],"populations":[55,62],"were":[56,178],"acutely":[57],"depleted":[58],"elsewhere.":[59],"have":[63],"naturally":[64],"recovered":[65],"somewhat":[66],"since":[67],"1950s,":[69],"but":[70,109,277],"overall":[71],"remain":[75],"below":[76],"levels.":[78],"In":[79,302],"a":[80,101,270],"1995":[81,125],"assessment":[82,126],"status":[86,136],"under":[87],"US":[89,94],"Endangered":[90],"Species":[91],"Act,":[92],"Fish":[95],"Wildlife":[97],"Service":[98],"concluded":[99],"that":[100,130,265],"designation":[102],"threatened":[104],"or":[105,274],"endangered":[106],"warranted,":[108],"\"precluded":[113],"listing":[115,118],"by":[116,316],"higher":[117],"priorities.\"":[119],"A":[120],"major":[121],"revelation":[122],"recognition":[129],"information":[131,140],"useful":[132],"for":[133,254,298],"determining":[134],"population":[135],"limited.":[138],"Fundamental":[139],"missing,":[142],"including":[143],"an":[144,155],"accurate":[145],"estimate":[146,156],"before":[151],"current":[160,216,237],"trends.":[163],"objectives":[165],"this":[167],"paper":[168],"are":[169,266,314],"to":[170,201,220],"fill":[171],"those":[172],"gaps":[173],"knowledge.":[175],"Historical":[176],"records":[177],"compiled":[179],"and,":[180],"combination":[182],"with":[183,250,263],"knowledge":[184],"habitat":[187],"requirements":[188],"species,":[191],"range":[194,227,246,290],"is":[199,218],"estimated":[200,219],"be":[202,221,296],"approximately":[203,240,306],"1.5":[204],"million":[205],"km2.":[206],"Using":[207],"data":[208],"collected":[209],"between":[210],"2001":[211],"2006,":[213],"about":[222],"44%":[223],"United":[230,304],"States":[231],"3%":[233],"Canada.":[235],"Under":[236],"land":[238,281],"use,":[239],"39%":[241],"contains":[247],"grassland":[248],"habitats":[249,311],"very":[251],"good":[252],"potential":[253],"occupation":[257],"another":[259],"10%":[260],"supports":[261,291],"grasslands":[262],"characteristics":[264],"less":[267],"preferred":[268],"(e.g.,":[269],"sparse":[271],"shrub":[272],"component":[273],"taller":[275],"stature)":[276],"still":[278],"suitable.":[279],"Additionally,":[280],"use":[282],"on":[283],"at":[284],"least":[285],"25%":[286],"dryland":[292],"farming,":[293],"which":[294],"can":[295],"suitable":[297],"occupation.":[301],"States,":[305],"52%":[307],"highest":[309],"quality":[310],"currently":[312],"available":[313],"occupied":[315],"Foxes.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
