{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136880809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","title":"Darwin: an approach for debugging evolving programs","display_name":"Darwin: an approach for debugging evolving programs","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136880809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","mag":"2136880809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/1595696.1595704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608883","display_name":"ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dawei Qi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060115298","display_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7127-1137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhik Roychoudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084611756","display_name":"Zhenkai Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-5030","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-5030"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenkai Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011779401","display_name":"Kapil Vaswani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-9769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-9769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil Vaswani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, India","Microsoft Research india, Bangalore, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research india, Bangalore, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95860985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-debugging","display_name":"automated debugging","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-evolution","display_name":"software evolution","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bug-localization","display_name":"bug localization","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"symbolic execution","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-traces","display_name":"execution traces","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"web server","score":0.8119999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.86330646276474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8360564708709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206118921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5225921","display_name":"Darwin (ADL)","level":2,"score":0.774910569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5508010983467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5420578122138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.5386919975280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.526550829410553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.5125458240509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.5047589540481567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4500279724597931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84945661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7366567","display_name":"Root cause","level":2,"score":0.4214906692504883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3517289161682129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.33341777324676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.09852522611618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/1595696.1595704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1595696.1595704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608883","display_name":"ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/39894","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/39894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334743","display_name":"Defence Science and Technology Agency - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvm6b03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33043110","https://openalex.org/W130558454","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1507573541","https://openalex.org/W1570533264","https://openalex.org/W1579437898","https://openalex.org/W1971137495","https://openalex.org/W1973828066","https://openalex.org/W1984248430","https://openalex.org/W1986453394","https://openalex.org/W2009489720","https://openalex.org/W2016716561","https://openalex.org/W2020538887","https://openalex.org/W2024442685","https://openalex.org/W2036196659","https://openalex.org/W2038899190","https://openalex.org/W2074888021","https://openalex.org/W2080264505","https://openalex.org/W2080534028","https://openalex.org/W2084136254","https://openalex.org/W2091968063","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2110066339","https://openalex.org/W2113371678","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2121081915","https://openalex.org/W2129487583","https://openalex.org/W2136305343","https://openalex.org/W2137008041","https://openalex.org/W2137433502","https://openalex.org/W2148329403","https://openalex.org/W2150684130","https://openalex.org/W2152543417","https://openalex.org/W2156515608","https://openalex.org/W2158870716","https://openalex.org/W2162376048","https://openalex.org/W2168625647","https://openalex.org/W2170198454","https://openalex.org/W2170224888","https://openalex.org/W2295857493","https://openalex.org/W3000604864","https://openalex.org/W3162561360","https://openalex.org/W4233319527","https://openalex.org/W4241947695","https://openalex.org/W4243053781","https://openalex.org/W4250942327","https://openalex.org/W4252881265","https://openalex.org/W7098665468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096144007","https://openalex.org/W7099803717","https://openalex.org/W7100029542","https://openalex.org/W7100439239","https://openalex.org/W2296311913","https://openalex.org/W4411359865","https://openalex.org/W4240463757","https://openalex.org/W1494161293","https://openalex.org/W6989339933","https://openalex.org/W2522140787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Debugging":[0],"refers":[1],"to":[2,28,75,108,132,177],"the":[3,63,83,94,98,102,109,112,133,137,164,178,192],"laborious":[4],"process":[5],"of":[6,9,93,97,111,117,180],"finding":[7],"causes":[8],"program":[10,19,51],"failures.":[11],"Often,":[12],"such":[13],"failures":[14],"are":[15],"introduced":[16],"when":[17],"a":[18,25,29,53,146,188],"undergoes":[20],"changes":[21],"and":[22,52,57,101,163],"evolves":[23],"from":[24,82,173],"stable":[26,50],"version":[27],"new,":[30,54],"modified":[31,55,64],"version.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"propose":[37],"an":[38,58],"automated":[39],"approach":[40,67,119,144],"for":[41,167],"debugging":[42],"evolving":[43],"programs.":[44],"Given":[45],"two":[46],"programs":[47],"(a":[48],"reference,":[49],"program)":[56],"input":[59,85,100],"that":[60,79,121],"fails":[61],"on":[62],"program,":[65],"our":[66,118,143],"uses":[68],"concrete":[69],"as":[70,72],"well":[71],"symbolic":[73],"execution":[74,95],"synthesize":[76],"new":[77,103,193],"inputs":[78,104,194],"differ":[80],"marginally":[81],"failing":[84,99],"in":[86,136,145,182],"their":[87],"control":[88],"flow":[89],"behavior.":[90],"A":[91,114],"comparison":[92],"traces":[96],"provides":[105],"critical":[106],"clues":[107],"root-cause":[110],"failure.":[113],"notable":[115],"feature":[116],"is":[120],"it":[122],"handles":[123],"hard-to-explain":[124],"bugs":[125],"like":[126],"code":[127,135],"missing":[128],"errors":[129],"by":[130,196],"pointing":[131],"relevant":[134],"reference":[138],"program.":[139],"We":[140,150],"have":[141,151],"implemented":[142],"tool":[147],"called":[148],"DARWIN.":[149],"conducted":[152],"experiments":[153,175],"with":[154],"several":[155],"real-life":[156],"case":[157],"studies,":[158],"including":[159],"real-world":[160],"web":[161],"servers":[162],"libPNG":[165],"library":[166],"manipulating":[168],"PNG":[169],"images.":[170],"Our":[171],"experience":[172],"these":[174],"points":[176],"efficacy":[179],"DARWIN":[181,197],"pinpointing":[183],"bugs.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"while":[186],"localizing":[187],"given":[189],"observable":[190],"error,":[191],"synthesized":[195],"can":[198],"reveal":[199],"other":[200],"undiscovered":[201],"errors.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
