{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136602717","doi":null,"title":"Public spending on education and Economic Growth in Algeria: Causality Test","display_name":"Public spending on education and Economic Growth in Algeria: Causality Test","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136602717","mag":"2136602717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.951.1843","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.951.1843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.iises.net/download/Soubory/soubory-puvodni/pp55-70_ijobmV2N3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070392106","display_name":"Yousra Mekdad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousra Mekdad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044920952","display_name":"Aziz Dahmani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aziz Dahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Monir Louaj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monir Louaj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96773628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"55","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11770","display_name":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-spending-on-education","display_name":"public spending on education","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-growth-model","display_name":"endogenous growth model","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algeria","display_name":"Algeria","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-and-labor-inputs","display_name":"capital and labor inputs","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causality-between-education-and-growth","display_name":"causality between education and growth","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7336246967315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.7074030637741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195561663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307899","display_name":"Unit root","level":2,"score":0.7014736533164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.6261395812034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144341231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7887151","display_name":"Unit root test","level":3,"score":0.6045213341712952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5433358550071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777234743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739","display_name":"Public expenditure","level":3,"score":0.5345911383628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5258579850196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4752112329006195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124953554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6217229","display_name":"Johansen test","level":4,"score":0.46681782603263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4639444351196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.459504097700119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27574286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Variables","level":2,"score":0.44950661063194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.42779308557510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.34881800413131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3263498544692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1656254231929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178283979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490","display_name":"Public finance","level":2,"score":0.1423083245754242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10006514191627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.951.1843","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.951.1843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.iises.net/download/Soubory/soubory-puvodni/pp55-70_ijobmV2N3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2483870201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3144489468","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/0101002.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523442","display_name":"Proceedings of International Academic Conferences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of International Academic Conferences","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sek:iacpro:0101002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iises.net/proceedings/9th-international-academic-conference-istanbul/table-of-content/detail?cid=1&iid=91&rid=1002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2136602717","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iises.net/download/Soubory/soubory-puvodni/pp55-70_ijobmV2N3.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764510197","display_name":"The International Journal of Business & Management","issn_l":"2321-8916","issn":["2321-8916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322531","host_organization_name":"Canadian Center of Science and Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322531"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Center of Science and Education"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The International Journal of Business & Management","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59125665","https://openalex.org/W1482764214","https://openalex.org/W1512732919","https://openalex.org/W1517791786","https://openalex.org/W1563358119","https://openalex.org/W1667231192","https://openalex.org/W1975048968","https://openalex.org/W1975994995","https://openalex.org/W1984103808","https://openalex.org/W1991563518","https://openalex.org/W1992109042","https://openalex.org/W2015014253","https://openalex.org/W2020748293","https://openalex.org/W2021312235","https://openalex.org/W2038532793","https://openalex.org/W2052575688","https://openalex.org/W2057576948","https://openalex.org/W2066823663","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2095364399","https://openalex.org/W2103736105","https://openalex.org/W2122224378","https://openalex.org/W2127006325","https://openalex.org/W2129376815","https://openalex.org/W2135666443","https://openalex.org/W2146411203","https://openalex.org/W2150728507","https://openalex.org/W2159425317","https://openalex.org/W2166974667","https://openalex.org/W2187719175","https://openalex.org/W2246353627","https://openalex.org/W2798659051","https://openalex.org/W3023294273","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3124601770","https://openalex.org/W3126037482","https://openalex.org/W3141341243","https://openalex.org/W3141998441","https://openalex.org/W3176239034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220096416","https://openalex.org/W1534517815","https://openalex.org/W4327669601","https://openalex.org/W4285413598","https://openalex.org/W3033295674","https://openalex.org/W3010596071","https://openalex.org/W6968507356","https://openalex.org/W3020266168","https://openalex.org/W7221235467","https://openalex.org/W7215204045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,66],"this":[1,14,67,134,144],"article,":[2],"we":[3,16],"seek":[4],"to":[5,40,109],"study":[6,39,145],"the":[7,32,35,44,56,60,75,81,111,115,140,160,170,178,189],"relationship":[8],"between":[9],"education":[10,22,49,150],"and":[11,23,28,42,122,126],"economic":[12,51,153,165,179],"growth.For":[13],"purpose,":[15],"studied":[17],"multipleentrances(dimension":[18],")":[19],"information":[20],"relating":[21],"Economic":[24],"Growth":[25],"on":[26,50,74,97,149,164],"theoretical":[27],"empirical":[29,137],"background":[30],"in":[31,53,155],"first,":[33],"as":[34,130],"second":[36],"part":[37],"of":[38,46,62,114,143,191],"analysis":[41],"examine":[43],"effect":[45,163,183,190],"Public":[47,147],"spendingon":[48],"growth":[52,64,154,166],"Algeria":[54],"over":[55],"period":[57],"1974-2012.":[58],"with":[59],"use":[61],"endogenous":[63],"model.":[65],"model,":[68],"gross":[69],"domestic":[70],"product(GDP)":[71],"is":[72,80,129,167,184],"based":[73],"Cobb":[76],"Douglas":[77],"form":[78],"which":[79],"function":[82],"was":[83],"adoptedwith":[84],"five":[85],"variables:":[86],"Real":[87],"Gross":[88],"National":[89],"Product":[90],"(GDP),":[91],"Capital":[92],"(K),":[93],"Labor":[94],"(L),":[95],"Expenditure":[96],"Education":[98],"(SEDU).":[99],"Two":[100],"unit":[101],"root":[102],"tests":[103],"(Philips-Perron":[104],"Test)":[105],"have":[106],"been":[107],"employed":[108],"test":[110,125],"integration":[112],"order":[113],"variables.study":[116],"uses":[117],"Ordinary":[118],"Least":[119],"Squares":[120],"(OLS)":[121],"Johansen":[123],"Co-integration":[124],"Causality":[127],"Test":[128],"analytical":[131],"techniques":[132],"for":[133,168],"purpose.":[135],"The":[136],"results":[138],"support":[139],"main":[141],"hypothesis":[142],"that":[146,159],"spending":[148],"affects":[151],"positively":[152],"Algeria.":[156],"Even":[157],"though":[158],"most":[161],"important":[162,187],"education,":[169],"other":[171],"three":[172],"explanatory":[173],"variables":[174],"affect":[175],"also,":[176],"positively,":[177],"growth;":[180],"yet":[181],"their":[182],"relatively":[185],"less":[186],"than":[188],"education.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
