{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136508445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","title":"The Effects of Visitor Density and Intensity on the Behavior of Two Captive Jaguars (Panthera onca)","display_name":"The Effects of Visitor Density and Intensity on the Behavior of Two Captive Jaguars (Panthera onca)","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136508445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","mag":"2136508445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16436028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78331093","display_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","issn_l":"1088-8705","issn":["1088-8705","1532-7604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013333465","display_name":"Rebecca L. Sellinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca L. Sellinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103830497","display_name":"James C. Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6830-2088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6830-2088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James C. Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5969,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8298088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"233","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10838","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jaguar","display_name":"jaguar","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-animal-behavior","display_name":"captive animal behavior","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visitor-density","display_name":"visitor density","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoo-animal-welfare","display_name":"zoo animal welfare","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pacing-behavior","display_name":"pacing behavior","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggression","display_name":"aggression","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-behavior","display_name":"social behavior","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoo-visitors","display_name":"zoo visitors","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6839886903762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5094631314277649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48947383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830719","display_name":"Visitor pattern","level":2,"score":0.5087245106697083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778611284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127960","display_name":"Panthera","level":3,"score":0.4856635332107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020368824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6546192","display_name":"Light intensity","level":2,"score":0.4750290513038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33515021204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3327274024486542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.2641814947128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24985456466674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.24210169911384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1629926860332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000374","descriptor_name":"Aggression","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000827","descriptor_name":"Animal Welfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000836","descriptor_name":"Animals, Zoo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006799","descriptor_name":"Housing, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046009","descriptor_name":"Panthera","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046009","descriptor_name":"Panthera","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S78331093","display_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","issn_l":"1088-8705","issn":["1088-8705","1532-7604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16436028","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16436028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.556.5484","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.556.5484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.societyandanimalsforum.org/jaaws/full_articles/8.4/selllinger.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.884.1943","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.884.1943","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/James_Ha/publication/7337661_The_effects_of_visitor_density_and_intensity_on_the_behavior_of_two_captive_jaguars_%28Panthera_onca%29/links/545698f70cf2cf51648031f3.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979831515","https://openalex.org/W1991949166","https://openalex.org/W2003801272","https://openalex.org/W2009502439","https://openalex.org/W2011696098","https://openalex.org/W2024875310","https://openalex.org/W2070083811","https://openalex.org/W2088728329","https://openalex.org/W2099610782","https://openalex.org/W2329283498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100278877","https://openalex.org/W7096798341","https://openalex.org/W7046908267","https://openalex.org/W2523050457","https://openalex.org/W3035972359","https://openalex.org/W3043446490","https://openalex.org/W2591588349","https://openalex.org/W2382768974","https://openalex.org/W565660552","https://openalex.org/W2169598056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"researchers":[1],"have":[2],"reported":[3],"significant":[4,110,122,164],"effects":[5],"of":[6,45,69,102,150],"visitor":[7,46,78,143],"density":[8,47,79,106,144,159],"and":[9,48,77,80,96,107,118,145,147,160],"intensity":[10,81,108,119,146,151,161,169],"on":[11,124,141,166],"captive":[12,25],"animal":[13],"behavior.":[14,128,155],"This":[15],"study":[16],"determined":[17],"whether":[18],"this":[19],"was":[20,75],"the":[21,29,103,125,131],"case":[22],"for":[23,38,54,59,92,111,115,137],"2":[24],"jaguars":[26,51],"housed":[27],"at":[28],"Woodland":[30],"Park":[31],"Zoo,":[32],"Seattle,":[33],"WA.":[34],"Subjects":[35],"were":[36,52,82,88,109],"monitored":[37],"changes":[39],"in":[40],"behavior":[41,95],"as":[42],"a":[43,67,100,121,135,148,163,171],"function":[44],"intensity.":[49],"The":[50],"observed":[53],"8":[55],"hr":[56],"per":[57],"week":[58],"29":[60],"weeks--March":[61],"31":[62],"until":[63],"October":[64],"11,":[65],"1998--for":[66],"total":[68],"230":[70],"hr.":[71],"Continuous":[72],"frequency":[73],"sampling":[74],"used,":[76],"recorded":[83],"every":[84],"minute.":[85],"Parametric":[86],"statistics":[87],"used":[89],"to":[90],"test":[91],"correlations":[93],"between":[94],"density,":[97],"intensity,":[98],"or":[99],"combination":[101],"two.":[104],"Both":[105],"time":[112],"spent":[113],"non-visible":[114],"both":[116,142,158],"cats,":[117],"showed":[120],"effect":[123,165],"female's":[126],"pacing":[127],"In":[129,156],"addition,":[130],"male":[132],"cat":[133],"exhibited":[134],"trend":[136,149],"increased":[138],"aggression":[139],"based":[140],"affecting":[152],"his":[153],"social":[154],"conclusion,":[157],"had":[162],"behavior,":[167],"with":[168],"showing":[170],"larger":[172],"effect.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
