{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136390334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","title":"Primary production in the deep chlorophyll maximum of the central North Sea","display_name":"Primary production in the deep chlorophyll maximum of the central North Sea","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136390334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","mag":"2136390334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/plankt/fbi064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116120500","display_name":"Journal of Plankton Research","issn_l":"0142-7873","issn":["0142-7873","1464-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Plankton Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076630158","display_name":"Keith Weston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7573-0348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7573-0348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Weston","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA, NORWICH, NORFOLK NR4 7TJ, UK,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA, NORWICH, NORFOLK NR4 7TJ, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010716913","display_name":"Liam Fernand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-9771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-9771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332124652","display_name":"Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04r7rxc53","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I1332124652","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Fernand","raw_affiliation_strings":["CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332124652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088542969","display_name":"David K. Mills","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332124652","display_name":"Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04r7rxc53","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I1332124652","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. K. Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332124652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082783805","display_name":"R. Delahunty","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Delahunty","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCHOOL OF OCEAN SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF WALES, BANGOR, MENAI BRIDGE, GWYNEDD LL59 5EY, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCHOOL OF OCEAN SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF WALES, BANGOR, MENAI BRIDGE, GWYNEDD LL59 5EY, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019310279","display_name":"Jennifer Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-4651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3894-4651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329245128","display_name":"British Oceanographic Data Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03102fn17","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329245128","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I197940685","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332124652","display_name":"Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04r7rxc53","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I1332124652","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRESENT ADDRESS : BRITISH OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTRE , JOSEPH PROUDMAN BUILDING , LIVERPOOL L3 5DA , UK","CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRESENT ADDRESS : BRITISH OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTRE , JOSEPH PROUDMAN BUILDING , LIVERPOOL L3 5DA , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329245128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE, LOWESTOFT, SUFFOLK NR33 OHT, UK AND","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332124652"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076630158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"apc_list":{"value":4533,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4533},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83839512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"909","last_page":"922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10236","display_name":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-chlorophyll-maximum","display_name":"deep chlorophyll maximum","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-production","display_name":"primary production","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-sea","display_name":"North Sea","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis-irradiance-relationship","display_name":"photosynthesis-irradiance relationship","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-yield","display_name":"quantum yield","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytoplankton-nitrogen-uptake","display_name":"phytoplankton nitrogen uptake","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-uptake","display_name":"ammonium uptake","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocline","display_name":"thermocline","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-production","display_name":"new production","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-fluxes","display_name":"nutrient fluxes","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/summer-stratification","display_name":"summer stratification","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dogger-bank","display_name":"Dogger Bank","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.7244853377342224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122846477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395805","display_name":"Water column","level":2,"score":0.7174891829490662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105824904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849599","display_name":"Thermocline","level":2,"score":0.7027506232261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133878","display_name":"Chlorophyll a","level":2,"score":0.6536362171173096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.6336509585380554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776373379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43177","display_name":"Chlorophyll","level":2,"score":0.6127439737319946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5840397477149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5815989971160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778783015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3851530","display_name":"Deep chlorophyll maximum","level":5,"score":0.5756511688232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39665741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7016478","display_name":"New production","level":4,"score":0.5498585104942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4826367497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168","display_name":"Nitrate","level":2,"score":0.4776386320590973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21790881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070117","display_name":"Deep sea","level":2,"score":0.46607208251953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122120755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043905","display_name":"Mixed layer","level":2,"score":0.4457658529281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.43260452151298523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992152313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515905","display_name":"Primary productivity","level":3,"score":0.4137089252471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86839594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579649","display_name":"Photic zone","level":4,"score":0.2966562509536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2173328399658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20476087927818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.18895965814590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1149265468120575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06090801954269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/plankt/fbi064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116120500","display_name":"Journal of Plankton Research","issn_l":"0142-7873","issn":["0142-7873","1464-3774"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Plankton Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life below water"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319995","display_name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321597","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532270673","https://openalex.org/W1588707703","https://openalex.org/W1596759220","https://openalex.org/W1646320886","https://openalex.org/W1965649411","https://openalex.org/W1966636533","https://openalex.org/W1966662462","https://openalex.org/W1969028644","https://openalex.org/W1970573503","https://openalex.org/W1972169631","https://openalex.org/W1975488543","https://openalex.org/W1976955873","https://openalex.org/W1991930422","https://openalex.org/W1992224726","https://openalex.org/W1993922526","https://openalex.org/W1998694284","https://openalex.org/W1999255690","https://openalex.org/W1999832270","https://openalex.org/W2004613867","https://openalex.org/W2009489441","https://openalex.org/W2022618991","https://openalex.org/W2025496613","https://openalex.org/W2038691231","https://openalex.org/W2043359213","https://openalex.org/W2054703169","https://openalex.org/W2056170670","https://openalex.org/W2066695204","https://openalex.org/W2072068698","https://openalex.org/W2072746342","https://openalex.org/W2077490475","https://openalex.org/W2078114051","https://openalex.org/W2079896217","https://openalex.org/W2080424906","https://openalex.org/W2082678969","https://openalex.org/W2083193555","https://openalex.org/W2084111116","https://openalex.org/W2085740106","https://openalex.org/W2092894888","https://openalex.org/W2095094369","https://openalex.org/W2109412055","https://openalex.org/W2110336666","https://openalex.org/W2132334892","https://openalex.org/W2139165077","https://openalex.org/W2157718604","https://openalex.org/W2158647712","https://openalex.org/W2166245185","https://openalex.org/W2166463472","https://openalex.org/W2170072270","https://openalex.org/W2170563701","https://openalex.org/W2464688089","https://openalex.org/W2512652846","https://openalex.org/W2773035769"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030376548","https://openalex.org/W1969350811","https://openalex.org/W2024052171","https://openalex.org/W44023072","https://openalex.org/W3045483377","https://openalex.org/W4414932277","https://openalex.org/W2008717480","https://openalex.org/W2053052319","https://openalex.org/W2142419801","https://openalex.org/W4401836088"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"chlorophyll":[1,26,49,165],"maxima":[2,188],"(CM)":[3],"are":[4,189,203],"commonly":[5],"observed":[6],"in":[7,21,97,135,148],"the":[8,47,82,98,113,131,141,153,163,181],"summer":[9,182],"stratified":[10,183],"North":[11,184],"Sea.":[12,185],"This":[13],"feature":[14],"was":[15,133,167],"studied":[16],"north":[17],"of":[18,54,65,176,201],"Dogger":[19],"Bank":[20],"August":[22],"and":[23,45,90,105,121,195],"showed":[24,46,75],"high":[25],"a":[27],"(Chl":[28],"a)":[29],"concentration":[30],"(\u223c6":[31],"mg":[32,67],"m\u22123)":[33],"relative":[34,111],"to":[35,112],"surface":[36,114],"waters.":[37],"Photosynthesis":[38],"versus":[39],"irradiance":[40],"(PvE)":[41],"relationships":[42],"were":[43,94],"determined":[44],"deep":[48,99,164],"maximum":[50,132,166],"accounted":[51],"for":[52,180],"58%":[53],"water":[55,61],"column":[56],"primary":[57,63],"productivity":[58,64],"with":[59,130,162],"average":[60],"column-integrated":[62],"424":[66],"C":[68],"m\u22122":[69],"day\u22121.":[70],"Quantum":[71],"yield":[72],"(\u03d5)":[73],"also":[74,95],"more":[76],"favourable":[77],"phytoplankton":[78],"growth":[79],"conditions":[80],"at":[81,169],"thermocline":[83],"(mean":[84,101,118],"\u03d5":[85],"=":[86,102,119],"0.058).":[87],"Phytoplankton":[88],"nitrate":[89],"ammonium":[91],"uptake":[92],"rates":[93],"higher":[96],"CM":[100],"0.18":[103],"mmol":[104,107,123],"0.44":[106],"m\u22123":[108,124],"h\u22121,":[109,125],"respectively)":[110],"mixed":[115,145],"layer":[116],"(SML)":[117],"0.03":[120],"0.22":[122],"respectively).":[126],"Primary":[127],"production":[128,151,160,179,202],"associated":[129,161],"supported":[134],"part":[136],"by":[137],"nutrient":[138,142],"flux":[139],"from":[140],"rich":[143],"bottom":[144],"pool":[146],"resulting":[147],"continuous":[149],"new":[150,159,178],"throughout":[152],"summer.":[154],"Using":[155],"these":[156,197],"measurements":[157],"annual":[158,177],"estimated":[168],"37%":[170],"(5.7":[171],"\u00d7":[172],"106":[173],"t":[174],"C)":[175],"These":[186],"subsurface":[187],"not":[190],"detectable":[191],"using":[192],"remote":[193],"sensing":[194],"therefore":[196],"highly":[198],"significant":[199],"regions":[200],"potentially":[204],"neglected.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
