{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136348142","doi":null,"title":"The Preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization.","display_name":"The Preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136348142","mag":"2136348142","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12571728","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","raw_type":"Comment"},"volume":null,"type":"letter","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2567708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046116053","display_name":"Frank P. Grad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank P Grad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University School of Law, Columbia Law School, New York, NY 10027, USA. fgrad@law.columbia.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University School of Law, Columbia Law School, New York, NY 10027, USA. fgrad@law.columbia.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046116053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":685,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"12","first_page":"981","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.6348000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.6348000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14209","display_name":"Public health and occupational medicine","score":0.28029999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12041","display_name":"Public Health Policies and Education","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/who-constitution","display_name":"WHO Constitution","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preamble","display_name":"preamble","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covenant-of-the-league-of-nations","display_name":"League of Nations Covenant","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-public-health","display_name":"international public health","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-principles","display_name":"public health principles","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-public-health","display_name":"history of public health","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-health-ethics","display_name":"public health ethics","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-for-all","display_name":"health for all","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/right-to-health","display_name":"right to health","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776154427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7755","display_name":"Constitution","level":2,"score":0.7534202337265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780691134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129448","display_name":"Preamble","level":3,"score":0.5725680589675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5242643356323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895105","display_name":"Interim","level":2,"score":0.5110806226730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46194109320640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.43419021368026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.41963285207748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.36016327142715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.333435595035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1085016131401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003249","descriptor_name":"Constitution and Bylaws","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003249","descriptor_name":"Constitution and Bylaws","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003249","descriptor_name":"Constitution and Bylaws","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006293","descriptor_name":"Health Promotion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006806","descriptor_name":"Human Rights","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006806","descriptor_name":"Human Rights","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006806","descriptor_name":"Human Rights","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014943","descriptor_name":"Global Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014944","descriptor_name":"World Health Organization","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014944","descriptor_name":"World Health Organization","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014944","descriptor_name":"World Health Organization","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12571728","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization","raw_type":"Comment"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1450430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2567708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2567708","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2567708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bull World Health Organ","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2136348142","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2567708","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2567708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bull World Health Organ","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2204970594","https://openalex.org/W2115176084","https://openalex.org/W2030307981","https://openalex.org/W1598147929","https://openalex.org/W2238110917","https://openalex.org/W1904352285","https://openalex.org/W2797182069","https://openalex.org/W1976608734","https://openalex.org/W4240828087","https://openalex.org/W1983070507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,330],"section":[1],"looks":[2],"back":[3],"to":[4,9,43,117,129,134,168,185,244,280,307,356,426,533,536,606,612,614],"some":[5],"ground-breaking":[6],"written":[7],"contributions":[8,236],"public":[10,172,403,499],"health,":[11,534],"reproducing":[12],"them":[13],"in":[14,61,126,263,283,327,364,374,504,518],"their":[15,23,452,618],"original":[16,80],"form":[17],"and":[18,68,88,103,163,189,212,233,261,291,351,431,454,483,539,593],"adding":[19],"a":[20,26,111,144,147,256,333,354,389,438,462],"commentary":[21],"on":[22,40,64,160,271,345,605],"significance":[24],"from":[25,132],"modern-day":[27],"perspective.":[28],"To":[29],"complement":[30],"the":[31,41,44,47,57,71,76,83,86,101,107,122,141,157,176,187,192,202,210,216,224,227,238,245,275,289,300,311,343,347,365,369,375,378,382,385,397,406,410,413,416,420,427,455,490,507,510,514,519,523,540,567,584,587,595,608,615],"theme":[32],"of":[33,46,75,82,106,115,143,191,201,209,215,219,223,226,240,247,252,258,274,285,293,332,371,377,380,384,400,412,433,441,459,465,471,492,498,513,516,522,542,560,598,610,617],"this":[34,253,527],"month's":[35],"Bulletin,":[36],"Frank":[37],"Grad":[38],"comments":[39],"Preamble":[42,383,417,508,603],"Constitution":[45,53,159,239,297,387],"World":[48,148],"Health":[49,59,124,149,203,229,302],"Organization":[50,150,204,230],"(1).":[51],"The":[52,79,138,153,181,296,474,496,602],"was":[54,179,184,231],"presented":[55],"at":[56,95],"International":[58,123,301],"Conference":[60,125,154,303],"New":[62,127],"York":[63],"22":[65,135,161],"July":[66,136],"1946":[67,100],"signed":[69],"by":[70,299,548],"duly":[72],"authorized":[73],"representatives":[74],"governments":[77],"participating.":[78],"version":[81],"document,":[84],"including":[85],"ornate":[87],"sometimes":[89],"hesitant":[90],"signatures,":[91],"can":[92],"be":[93,130,308,361,544],"seen":[94,325],"http://www.who.int/library/historical/access/who/index.en.shtml":[96],"**********":[97],"In":[98,405,526],"February":[99],"Economic":[102,211],"Social":[104,213],"Council":[105,214],"United":[108,414,588],"Nations":[109,248,589],"established":[110],"Technical":[112],"Preparatory":[113],"Committee":[114],"Experts":[116],"prepare":[118],"an":[119,165,268,338,448],"agenda":[120,139],"for":[121,146,288,451],"York,":[128],"held":[131],"19":[133],"1946.":[137],"included":[140],"preparation":[142],"constitution":[145],"(WHO)":[151],"(2).":[152],"eventually":[155],"approved":[156,298],"WHO":[158,241,386,570],"July,":[162],"designated":[164],"Interim":[166,182],"Commission":[167,183],"carry":[169],"out":[170,363],"essential":[171,449],"health":[173,460,477,500,616],"activities":[174],"until":[175],"new":[177],"organization":[178],"established.":[180],"discharge":[186],"functions":[188],"duties":[190],"Office":[193],"Internationale":[194],"d'Hygiene":[195],"Publique,":[196],"as":[197,199,267,394,409,479,489,531],"well":[198],"those":[200,532],"that":[205,419,569,586],"had":[206,578],"been":[207],"part":[208,331,521],"defunct":[217],"League":[218,246,276,379],"Nations.":[220],"Though":[221],"much":[222],"work":[225],"League's":[228],"continued,":[232],"its":[234,264,321,328,395,505,580],"major":[235],"recognized,":[237],"owes":[242],"little":[243],"Covenant.":[249],"Article":[250],"XXIII":[251],"Covenant":[254],"contains":[255],"list":[257],"beneficial":[259],"provisions,":[260],"only":[262],"last":[265,520],"subdivision,":[266],"afterthought,":[269],"one":[270],"how":[272],"members":[273],"(f)":[277],"would":[278],"endeavor":[279],"take":[281],"steps":[282],"matters":[284],"international":[286,402],"concern":[287],"prevention":[290],"control":[292],"disease.":[294],"(3).":[295],"has":[304,337],"shown":[305],"itself":[306],"robust":[309],"during":[310],"54":[312],"years":[313],"since":[314],"it":[315,341,422,445],"came":[316,571],"into":[317,572],"effect.":[318],"Nowhere":[319],"is":[320,349,388,447,461,501,582],"strength":[322],"more":[323],"clearly":[324],"than":[326],"Preamble.":[329],"legal":[334],"constitutional":[335],"document":[336,348,366],"important":[339],"function:":[340],"states":[342,423],"principles":[344,421],"which":[346,358,558],"based,":[350],"implicitly":[352],"asserts":[353,418],"claim":[355],"jurisdiction":[357],"may":[359],"then":[360],"spelt":[362],"itself.":[367],"Unlike":[368],"mixture":[370],"subjects":[372],"enumerated":[373],"Conventions":[376],"Nations,":[381,415],"masterfully":[390],"coherent":[391],"statement,":[392],"claiming":[393],"own":[396],"full":[398],"area":[399],"contemporary":[401],"health.":[404],"same":[407],"spirit":[408],"Charter":[411],"are":[424,553],"basic":[425],"happiness,":[428],"harmonious":[429],"relations":[430],"security":[432],"all":[434,559],"peoples,":[435],"thus":[436],"expressing":[437],"modern":[439],"set":[440],"universal":[442],"aspirations.":[443],"Health,":[444],"says,":[446],"condition":[450],"attainment,":[453],"highest":[456],"possible":[457],"attainment":[458],"fundamental":[463],"right":[464],"every":[466],"human":[467,556],"being":[468,562],"without":[469],"distinction":[470],"any":[472,549],"kind.":[473],"preamble":[475],"defines":[476],"positively,":[478],"complete":[480],"physical,":[481],"mental":[482],"social":[484],"well-being,":[485],"not":[486],"merely":[487],"negatively":[488],"absence":[491],"disease":[493],"or":[494,535,546],"infirmity.":[495],"concept":[497],"contemporary,":[502],"but":[503],"phrasing":[506],"echoes":[509],"rhetorical":[511],"cadences":[512],"Age":[515],"Reason":[517],"18th":[524],"century.":[525],"view":[528],"certain":[529],"rights--such":[530],"life,":[537],"liberty":[538],"pursuit":[541],"happiness--cannot":[543],"granted":[545],"denied":[547],"government":[550],"because":[551],"they":[552],"fundamental,":[554],"inalienable":[555],"rights,":[557],"us,":[561],"human,":[563],"already":[564],"have.":[565],"1948,":[566],"year":[568,585],"existence":[573],"after":[574],"26":[575],"Member":[576],"States":[577],"ratified":[579],"Constitution,":[581],"also":[583],"General":[590],"Assembly":[591],"adopted":[592],"proclaimed":[594],"Universal":[596],"Declaration":[597],"Human":[599],"Rights":[600],"(4).":[601],"goes":[604],"analyse":[607],"obligation":[609],"nations":[611],"contribute":[613],"people.":[619],"\u2026":[620]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
