{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136307629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","title":"The Choice Between Single-Unit And Multi-Unit Franchising: Combining Agency And Transaction Cost Perspectives","display_name":"The Choice Between Single-Unit And Multi-Unit Franchising: Combining Agency And Transaction Cost Perspectives","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136307629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","mag":"2136307629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/7221/7291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/7221/7291","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004547559","display_name":"Dildar Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-6312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-6312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92834545","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure de Commerce de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/02f08fz18","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92834545"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dildar Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESC Rennes School of Business"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESC Rennes School of Business","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92834545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011783106","display_name":"Lindia-Maria Moritz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindia Moritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008189857","display_name":"Josef Windsperger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-5160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-5160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Windsperger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vienna"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94500186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"769","last_page":"769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12933","display_name":"Franchising Strategies and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11912","display_name":"Outsourcing and Supply Chain Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10797","display_name":"Accounting and Organizational Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franchising","display_name":"franchising","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-theory","display_name":"agency theory","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-cost-economics","display_name":"transaction cost economics","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shirking","display_name":"shirking","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-riding","display_name":"free-riding","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-specific-investment","display_name":"transaction-specific investment","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-uncertainty","display_name":"environmental uncertainty","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-uncertainty","display_name":"behavioral uncertainty","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.8241467475891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.7978521585464478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7455563545227051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778440429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171947","display_name":"Franchise","level":2,"score":0.6458032131195068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.6045300364494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6033381223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200707436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053211","display_name":"Principal\u2013agent problem","level":3,"score":0.5993940234184265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36673458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392896","display_name":"Agency cost","level":4,"score":0.5418333411216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5339480638504028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.531010091304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5274206399917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.46019768714904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87864170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16897780","display_name":"Unit cost","level":2,"score":0.44951748847961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4253842234611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.41304105520248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3828732967376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1471785604953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14050015807151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.06490194797515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.06282994151115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.060152262449264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120757647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381136","display_name":"Shareholder","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/7221/7291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i5.7221","pdf_url":"https://clutejournals.com/index.php/JABR/article/download/7221/7291","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764593888","display_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","issn_l":"0892-7626","issn":["0892-7626","2157-8834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324341412","host_organization_name":"Clute Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324341412"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Clute Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136307629.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136307629.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W106322715","https://openalex.org/W1498583823","https://openalex.org/W1550615903","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1828913196","https://openalex.org/W1896762116","https://openalex.org/W1928055884","https://openalex.org/W1965725892","https://openalex.org/W1967614935","https://openalex.org/W1973308529","https://openalex.org/W1975190716","https://openalex.org/W1981598544","https://openalex.org/W1983244052","https://openalex.org/W2007413532","https://openalex.org/W2012646065","https://openalex.org/W2036156227","https://openalex.org/W2044746402","https://openalex.org/W2050654912","https://openalex.org/W2056621186","https://openalex.org/W2064563796","https://openalex.org/W2071806498","https://openalex.org/W2074350990","https://openalex.org/W2083056883","https://openalex.org/W2092100393","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2148882939","https://openalex.org/W2171514500","https://openalex.org/W2174298642","https://openalex.org/W2316415155","https://openalex.org/W2316615402","https://openalex.org/W2504705446","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W3123550899","https://openalex.org/W4371808281","https://openalex.org/W4388114410","https://openalex.org/W6640210234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579464010","https://openalex.org/W2185084062","https://openalex.org/W1489796832","https://openalex.org/W2304591506","https://openalex.org/W2136729477","https://openalex.org/W61644363","https://openalex.org/W1999875066","https://openalex.org/W1536346702","https://openalex.org/W6889014155","https://openalex.org/W3014362353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,71],"study":[1,72],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,6,24,41,51,59,68,75,80,85],"factors":[4],"explaining":[5],"franchisors":[7,42],"choice":[8,43],"between":[9],"single-unit":[10],"and":[11,18,32,37,63],"multi-unit":[12,45,90],"franchising":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,40],"agency":[16,86],"theory":[17],"transaction":[19,60,81],"cost":[20,61,82,87],"theory.":[21],"We":[22],"examine":[23],"impact":[25],"of":[26,44,58,67,89],"behavioral":[27],"uncertainty":[28,39],"due":[29],"to":[30,74],"shirking":[31],"free-riding,":[33],"franchisees":[34],"transaction-specific":[35],"investments,":[36],"environmental":[38],"franchising.":[46,91],"Our":[47],"empirical":[48],"results":[49],"from":[50],"German":[52],"franchise":[53],"sector":[54],"provide":[55],"strong":[56],"support":[57,66],"hypotheses":[62],"relatively":[64],"weak":[65],"agency-theoretical":[69],"hypotheses.":[70],"contributes":[73],"literature":[76],"by":[77],"showing":[78],"that":[79],"explanation":[83,88],"complements":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
