{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136256019","doi":null,"title":"The Impact of Race and Offender Status on Small Business Hiring Decisions","display_name":"The Impact of Race and Offender Status on Small Business Hiring Decisions","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136256019","mag":"2136256019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.gvsu.edu:gradshowcase-1118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gradshowcase/2014/criminal_justice/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196483","display_name":"ScholarWorks - GVSU (Grand Valley State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","host_organization_name":"Grand Valley State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Showcase: Education for the Future","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056063744","display_name":"Elle Gray Teshima","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elle Gray Teshima","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056063744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80396426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.9429000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.05270000174641609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination-in-hiring","display_name":"racial discrimination in hiring","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-offenders","display_name":"ex-offenders","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoner-reentry","display_name":"prisoner reentry","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiring-managers","display_name":"hiring managers","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-racism","display_name":"institutional racism","score":0.5600000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7812942266464233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.512043297290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3679167628288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3640391528606415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2105124294757843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17667049169540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.gvsu.edu:gradshowcase-1118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gradshowcase/2014/criminal_justice/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196483","display_name":"ScholarWorks - GVSU (Grand Valley State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","host_organization_name":"Grand Valley State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Graduate Showcase: Education for the Future","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2136256019","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1619&context=theses","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5263000130653381,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76800771","https://openalex.org/W626610433","https://openalex.org/W644395806","https://openalex.org/W1502766477","https://openalex.org/W1506395084","https://openalex.org/W1534176146","https://openalex.org/W1549716657","https://openalex.org/W1585385491","https://openalex.org/W1588720947","https://openalex.org/W1622658036","https://openalex.org/W1987574911","https://openalex.org/W1992826861","https://openalex.org/W2007345036","https://openalex.org/W2012192544","https://openalex.org/W2017013274","https://openalex.org/W2024210383","https://openalex.org/W2027359074","https://openalex.org/W2035072713","https://openalex.org/W2044662276","https://openalex.org/W2056149610","https://openalex.org/W2059585731","https://openalex.org/W2061221668","https://openalex.org/W2065531692","https://openalex.org/W2071484490","https://openalex.org/W2090842295","https://openalex.org/W2098884743","https://openalex.org/W2102872624","https://openalex.org/W2103172460","https://openalex.org/W2107577675","https://openalex.org/W2109862115","https://openalex.org/W2117102828","https://openalex.org/W2123202852","https://openalex.org/W2126179497","https://openalex.org/W2127614254","https://openalex.org/W2135202774","https://openalex.org/W2135436757","https://openalex.org/W2140495036","https://openalex.org/W2144352294","https://openalex.org/W2145060627","https://openalex.org/W2149897280","https://openalex.org/W2151644349","https://openalex.org/W2153375732","https://openalex.org/W2156355261","https://openalex.org/W2158800398","https://openalex.org/W2160235289","https://openalex.org/W2160886068","https://openalex.org/W2490474871","https://openalex.org/W3128631334","https://openalex.org/W3132750685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965968147","https://openalex.org/W2125378741","https://openalex.org/W4406741412","https://openalex.org/W7048332715","https://openalex.org/W3006796999","https://openalex.org/W4407556417","https://openalex.org/W2946931991","https://openalex.org/W2116185151","https://openalex.org/W4360607962","https://openalex.org/W7066485869"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Institutional":[1],"racism":[2],"and":[3,18,85,92,116,122,134,142,148,161,184],"offender":[4,162,211],"reintegration":[5],"are":[6],"salient":[7],"issues":[8],"in":[9,65,74,87,192],"contemporary":[10],"American":[11],"society.":[12],"This":[13,99],"study":[14,101,195],"explored":[15],"racial":[16,115,160],"discrimination":[17],"biases":[19],"against":[20],"ex-offenders":[21],"on":[22,169,174],"a":[23,103,199,206],"local,":[24],"small-business":[25],"level.":[26],"It":[27],"was":[28,79,188],"hypothesized":[29],"that":[30],"white":[31,81],"non-offenders":[32],"would":[33,47],"be":[34,48],"the":[35,66,158,179,185],"most":[36],"preferred":[37],"job":[38,111],"applicants":[39,112,138],"while":[40],"offenders":[41],"of":[42,62,71,108,136,178,205],"color":[43],"(specifically":[44],"African":[45],"Americans)":[46],"viewed":[49],"as":[50],"least":[51],"favorable":[52],"to":[53,128,133,153,217],"prospective":[54,137],"employers.":[55],"SUBJECTS:":[56],"Seventy-nine":[57],"hiring":[58,130],"managers":[59],"at":[60],"businesses":[61],"Entrepreneur":[63],"status":[64,163],"Grand":[67],"Rapids":[68],"Area":[69],"Chamber":[70],"Commerce":[72],"participated":[73],"this":[75,193],"study.":[76],"The":[77],"sample":[78],"predominantly":[80],"(89.9%,":[82],"n=":[83],"71)":[84],"mixed":[86],"gender":[88],"(59.5%":[89],"female,":[90],"n=47":[91],"39.2%":[93],"male,":[94],"n=31).":[95],"METHODS":[96],"AND":[97],"MATERIALS:":[98],"audit":[100],"utilized":[102],"factorial":[104],"design":[105],"featuring":[106],"one":[107],"six":[109],"fictitious":[110],"with":[113,167,219],"varying":[114],"criminal":[117],"backgrounds.":[118],"Cover":[119],"letters,":[120],"resumes,":[121],"surveys":[123],"were":[124,151,165],"distributed":[125],"by":[126],"mail":[127],"assess":[129],"managers\u2019":[131],"reactions":[132],"opinions":[135],"via":[139],"numerical":[140],"rankings":[141],"Likert":[143],"scale":[144],"items.":[145],"ANALYSES:":[146],"ANOVA":[147],"comparative":[149],"means":[150],"used":[152],"analyze":[154],"results.":[155],"RESULTS:":[156],"Though":[157],"anticipated":[159],"hierarchies":[164],"congruent":[166],"expectations":[168],"some":[170],"variables,":[171],"they":[172],"fluctuated":[173],"others.":[175],"Ultimately,":[176],"none":[177],"findings":[180],"achieved":[181],"statistical":[182],"significance":[183],"null":[186],"hypothesis":[187],"supported.":[189],"CONCLUSION:":[190],"Participants":[191],"limited-scope":[194],"did":[196],"not":[197],"demonstrate":[198],"strong":[200],"overall":[201],"preference":[202],"for":[203],"candidates":[204],"particular":[207],"race":[208],"group":[209],"or":[210],"status.":[212],"Future":[213],"studies":[214],"may":[215],"wish":[216],"replicate":[218],"larger":[220],"samples.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
