{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136247797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","title":"Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast","display_name":"Musculoskeletal MRI at 3.0 T: Relaxation Times and Image Contrast","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136247797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","mag":"2136247797","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15269023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161085503","display_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","issn_l":"0002-9580","issn":["0002-9580","0361-803X","1546-3141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315781","host_organization_name":"American Roentgen Ray Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Roentgen Ray Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044405214","display_name":"Garry Evan Gold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-822X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-822X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garry E. Gold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105","Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105, USA. gold@stanford.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105, USA. gold@stanford.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100856927","display_name":"Eric T. Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Applied Science Laboratory West, Menlo Park, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Applied Science Laboratory West, Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033925708","display_name":"Jeff A Stainsby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Stainsby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009381551","display_name":"Graham A. Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-0936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-0936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039834116","display_name":"Jean H. Brittain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-8114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-8114"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Brittain","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Applied Science Laboratory West, Menlo Park, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Applied Science Laboratory West, Menlo Park, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109029795","display_name":"Christopher F. Beaulieu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-1962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-1962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Beaulieu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Grant Bldg. S0-68B, Stanford, CA 94305-5105","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.7131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":527,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99734498,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"183","issue":"2","first_page":"343","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10442","display_name":"Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12603","display_name":"NMR spectroscopy and applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-mri","display_name":"musculoskeletal MRI","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-lattice-relaxation-time","display_name":"T1 relaxation time","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-relaxation-time","display_name":"T2 relaxation time","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-contrast","display_name":"image contrast","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"knee joint","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage","display_name":"cartilage","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synovial-fluid","display_name":"synovial fluid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle","display_name":"muscle","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-marrow","display_name":"bone marrow","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcutaneous-adipose-tissue","display_name":"subcutaneous adipose tissue","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-weighted-imaging","display_name":"T2-weighted imaging","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/look-locker-sequence","display_name":"Look-Locker sequence","score":0.6610000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7661340236663818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.674525260925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.6498382091522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.534939706325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019819243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141224","display_name":"T2 relaxation","level":3,"score":0.5188754200935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.4675060212612152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4670027494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174128100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846907","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","level":2,"score":0.4274800419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4229123592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4050775170326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.22706171870231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.21570739150047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14087650179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13254106044769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07880717515945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06829074025154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001853","descriptor_name":"Bone Marrow","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.183.2.1830343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S161085503","display_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","issn_l":"0002-9580","issn":["0002-9580","0361-803X","1546-3141"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315781","host_organization_name":"American Roentgen Ray Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Roentgen Ray Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Roentgenology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15269023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15269023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJR. American journal of roentgenology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73286877","https://openalex.org/W1882753595","https://openalex.org/W1964208449","https://openalex.org/W1975700578","https://openalex.org/W1976358509","https://openalex.org/W1990072277","https://openalex.org/W1995821905","https://openalex.org/W1996839768","https://openalex.org/W2008067649","https://openalex.org/W2011435635","https://openalex.org/W2014148325","https://openalex.org/W2020067709","https://openalex.org/W2024128814","https://openalex.org/W2025412356","https://openalex.org/W2027981703","https://openalex.org/W2038212123","https://openalex.org/W2062142772","https://openalex.org/W2062438024","https://openalex.org/W2062879754","https://openalex.org/W2071948011","https://openalex.org/W2084262190","https://openalex.org/W2084593331","https://openalex.org/W2094892751","https://openalex.org/W2107122157","https://openalex.org/W2109762579","https://openalex.org/W2110120304","https://openalex.org/W2140836370","https://openalex.org/W2160536818","https://openalex.org/W2169801185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2638003611","https://openalex.org/W2080022313","https://openalex.org/W2079930487","https://openalex.org/W2038212123","https://openalex.org/W4401569838","https://openalex.org/W2126831926","https://openalex.org/W2130544939","https://openalex.org/W2036724304","https://openalex.org/W2151677934","https://openalex.org/W2102213632"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,58,77],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,33,45,95,169],"our":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6],"to":[7,19,161,197,233],"measure":[8],"relaxation":[9,43,60,79,108,133,194,238],"times":[10,44,61,80,109,134,158,195,213,239],"in":[11,104,110,147,185,211],"musculoskeletal":[12,21,186],"tissues":[13],"at":[14,24,53,119,128,137,172,177,214,223,245],"1.5":[15,54,129,142,246],"and":[16,41,51,55,93,98,116,153,183,193,204,240],"3.0":[17,25,56,120,138,173,178,215,224],"T":[18,121,139,179,216,225],"optimize":[20],"MRI":[22,176],"methods":[23],"T.":[26,57,130,143,174,247],"MATERIALS":[27],"AND":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"In":[30],"the":[31,39,73,96,170,231],"knees":[32],"five":[34],"healthy":[35],"volunteers,":[36],"we":[37],"measured":[38,63,82,127,154],"T1":[40,59,74,97,107,237],"T2":[42,78,86,99,132],"cartilage,":[46,111],"synovial":[47,113],"fluid,":[48,114],"muscle,":[49,112],"marrow,":[50,115],"fat":[52,118],"were":[62,81,102,122,135,149,159],"using":[64,83,151,217],"a":[65,84,163],"spiral":[66,85],"Look-Locker":[67],"sequence":[68,88],"with":[69,89,141],"eight":[70],"samples":[71],"along":[72],"recovery":[75],"curve.":[76],"preparation":[87],"six":[90],"echoes.":[91],"Accuracy":[92],"repeatability":[94],"measurement":[100],"sequences":[101],"verified":[103,150],"phantoms.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"subcutaneous":[117],"consistently":[123],"higher":[124],"than":[125,244],"those":[126],"Measured":[131],"reduced":[136],"compared":[140],"Relaxation":[144,157],"time":[145],"measurements":[146],"vivo":[148],"calculated":[152],"signal-to-noise":[155,205],"results.":[156],"used":[160],"develop":[162],"high-resolution":[164],"protocol":[165],"for":[166,200,235],"T2-weighted":[167],"imaging":[168,222],"knee":[171],"CONCLUSION:":[175],"can":[180,208,226],"improve":[181],"resolution":[182],"speed":[184],"imaging;":[187],"however,":[188],"interactions":[189],"between":[190],"field":[191],"strength":[192],"need":[196],"be":[198,209,227],"considered":[199],"optimal":[201],"image":[202],"contrast":[203],"ratio.":[206],"Scanning":[207],"performed":[210],"shorter":[212],"single-average":[218],"acquisitions.":[219],"Efficient":[220],"higher-resolution":[221],"done":[228],"by":[229],"increasing":[230],"TR":[232],"account":[234],"increased":[236],"acquiring":[241],"thinner":[242],"slices":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}