{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136162877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","title":"Estimating the Economic Impact of the U.S. Golf Course Industry: Challenges and Solutions","display_name":"Estimating the Economic Impact of the U.S. Golf Course Industry: Challenges and Solutions","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136162877","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","mag":"2136162877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/43/3/article-p759.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/43/3/article-p759.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056641209","display_name":"John J. Haydu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John J. Haydu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, 2725 S. Binion Rd., Apopka, FL 32703-8504","Chair in International Floriculture, Texas A&M Univer-sity, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 202","Horticulture/Forest Science Building, 2133 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, 2725 S. Binion Rd., Apopka, FL 32703-8504","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair in International Floriculture, Texas A&M Univer-sity, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticulture/Forest Science Building, 2133 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057302432","display_name":"Alan Wade Hodges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-8049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-8049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405265380","display_name":"Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm87038","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4405265380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan. W. Hodges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate-In, University of Florida, Food & Resource Economics Department, Gainesville, FL 32611;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate-In, University of Florida, Food & Resource Economics Department, Gainesville, FL 32611;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4405265380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025747937","display_name":"Charles R. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-5262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-5262"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles R. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, 2725 S. Binion Rd., Apopka, FL 32703-8504","Chair in International Floriculture, Texas A&M Univer-sity, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 202","Horticulture/Forest Science Building, 2133 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, 2725 S. Binion Rd., Apopka, FL 32703-8504","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair in International Floriculture, Texas A&M Univer-sity, Department of Horticultural Sciences, 202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticulture/Forest Science Building, 2133 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":2.8102,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92141352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"759","last_page":"763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12822","display_name":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","score":0.19449999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.08340000361204147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turfgrass-industry","display_name":"turfgrass industry","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-impact","display_name":"economic impact","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-economic-impact","display_name":"regional economic impact","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-added","display_name":"value added","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment","display_name":"employment","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-data","display_name":"secondary data","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778362435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867393","display_name":"Amenity","level":2,"score":0.6621727347373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.5855789184570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.5292317867279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5135021805763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46773940324783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40957915782928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3743751645088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3493356704711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17715668678283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14072567224502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11147060990333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/43/3/article-p759.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.3.759","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/43/3/article-p759.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136162877.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2136162877.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250172273","https://openalex.org/W1493472778","https://openalex.org/W1546355156","https://openalex.org/W2165815258","https://openalex.org/W2181825312","https://openalex.org/W2589979397","https://openalex.org/W2736315077","https://openalex.org/W3020988919","https://openalex.org/W3045376237","https://openalex.org/W3119888529","https://openalex.org/W3122750659","https://openalex.org/W3123255807","https://openalex.org/W3124058924","https://openalex.org/W6632638802","https://openalex.org/W6681100653","https://openalex.org/W6788409784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045376237","https://openalex.org/W4318825027","https://openalex.org/W2137757668","https://openalex.org/W7097270142","https://openalex.org/W1913229323","https://openalex.org/W6990545650","https://openalex.org/W2986174853","https://openalex.org/W2937283050","https://openalex.org/W7027979938","https://openalex.org/W2205732206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compared":[0],"with":[1,186],"more":[2],"traditional":[3],"sectors":[4],"of":[5,17,48,67,87,114,123,129,142,223,237,252],"U.S.":[6],"agriculture,":[7],"little":[8],"economic":[9,46,238],"information":[10,55],"is":[11,119,138],"available":[12],"on":[13,99,201],"the":[14,29,45,58,64,75,88,92,100,135,139,143,194,202,209,219,228,241,246,253],"turfgrass":[15,89,144],"industry,":[16,145],"which":[18],"golf":[19,101,136,154],"courses":[20,155],"are":[21],"an":[22],"integral":[23],"part.":[24],"As":[25],"a":[26,85,108,120,148],"result,":[27],"over":[28,37],"past":[30],"30":[31],"years":[32],"individual":[33,39],"states":[34,189,231],"have":[35],"conducted":[36],"60":[38],"studies":[40],"that":[41],"describe":[42],"in":[43,104,160,167,193,218],"detail":[44],"importance":[47],"their":[49],"industry.":[50],"To":[51,71],"date,":[52],"no":[53],"such":[54],"exists":[56],"at":[57],"national":[59],"level":[60],"primarily":[61],"due":[62],"to":[63,235],"high":[65,110],"cost":[66],"collecting":[68],"primary":[69],"data.":[70],"ameliorate":[72],"this":[73],"situation,":[74],"authors":[76],"used":[77],"secondary":[78],"data":[79],"from":[80],"various":[81],"sources":[82],"and":[83,117,125,131,173,215],"developed":[84],"composite":[86],"industry":[90,103],"for":[91,147,183,233,240],"entire":[93,242],"United":[94,243],"States.":[95],"This":[96],"report":[97],"focuses":[98],"course":[102],"particular.":[105],"Golf":[106],"represents":[107],"very":[109],"value":[111,168],"amenity":[112],"use":[113],"horticultural":[115],"products":[116],"services,":[118],"major":[121],"form":[122],"development,":[124],"uses":[126],"large":[127],"amounts":[128],"land":[130],"water.":[132],"Results":[133],"indicate":[134],"sector":[137],"largest":[140],"component":[141],"accounting":[146],"44%":[149],"share.":[150],"The":[151,206],"nearly":[152],"16,000":[153],"generated":[156,174],"$33.2":[157],"billion":[158],"(B)":[159],"(gross)":[161],"output":[162],"impacts,":[163],"contributed":[164,250],"$20.6":[165],"B":[166],"added":[169],"or":[170],"net":[171],"income,":[172],"483,649":[175],"jobs":[176],"nationwide.":[177],"Economic":[178],"impacts":[179,239],"were":[180,208],"also":[181],"examined":[182],"each":[184],"state,":[185],"\u201ctop":[187],"10\u201d":[188],"highlighted.":[190],"States":[191,244],"falling":[192],"top":[195,210,220,229,247],"10":[196,230],"category":[197],"varied":[198],"somewhat":[199],"depending":[200],"variables":[203],"being":[204],"examined.":[205],"exception":[207],"four":[211,221,248],"states\u2014Florida,":[212],"California,":[213],"Texas,":[214],"Illinois\u2014that":[216],"remained":[217],"irrespective":[222],"variable":[224],"type.":[225],"In":[226],"general,":[227],"accounted":[232],"55%":[234],"60%":[236],"while":[245],"alone":[249],"40%":[251],"total.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
