{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136145666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","title":"Mechanisms of induction of airway smooth muscle hyperplasia by transforming growth factor-\u03b2","display_name":"Mechanisms of induction of airway smooth muscle hyperplasia by transforming growth factor-\u03b2","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136145666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","mag":"2136145666","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17468136","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1934553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47245711","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","issn_l":"1040-0605","issn":["1040-0605","1522-1504"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1934553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111781008","display_name":"Shaoping Xie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoping Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028985756","display_name":"Maria B. Sukkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-2399","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4591-2399"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria B. Sukkar","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111603641","display_name":"Razao Issa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razao Issa","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015441158","display_name":"Nadia M. Khorasani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-0898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-0898"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia M. Khorasani","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036414874","display_name":"Kian Fan Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-1426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-1426"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kian Fan Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3642,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9771851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"293","issue":"1","first_page":"L245","last_page":"L253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9067000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.08990000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-smooth-muscle-hyperplasia","display_name":"airway smooth muscle hyperplasia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgf-beta1","display_name":"TGF-\u03b21","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway-smooth-muscle-proliferation","display_name":"airway smooth muscle proliferation","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitogenic-signaling","display_name":"mitogenic signaling","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase","display_name":"phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk","display_name":"ERK","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jnk","display_name":"JNK","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p38-mapk","display_name":"p38 MAPK","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab","display_name":"NF-\u03baB","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad-signaling","display_name":"Smad signaling","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dexamethasone","display_name":"dexamethasone","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocrine-signaling","display_name":"autocrine signaling","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad4","display_name":"SMAD4","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad7","display_name":"Smad7","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad3","display_name":"Smad3","score":0.9190000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118131993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423671","display_name":"Transforming growth factor","level":2,"score":0.7205407619476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128240485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786998","display_name":"Autocrine signalling","level":3,"score":0.6685383915901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57074206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14197552","display_name":"MAPK/ERK pathway","level":3,"score":0.6121224164962769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777562237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835051","display_name":"Hyperplasia","level":2,"score":0.5678708553314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421851","display_name":"Kinase","level":2,"score":0.47962817549705505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51551487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043632","display_name":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases","level":4,"score":0.47563838958740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62112901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189159","display_name":"Cell growth","level":2,"score":0.4699160158634186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.442987322807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4369843006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.42620429396629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785672","display_name":"Transforming growth factor beta","level":3,"score":0.42044296860694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.33105260133743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.32017332315444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.3094164729118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24241313338279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077293","descriptor_name":"Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081082","descriptor_name":"Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001249","descriptor_name":"Asthma","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003907","descriptor_name":"Dexamethasone","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005786","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006965","descriptor_name":"Hyperplasia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011965","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Glucocorticoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012137","descriptor_name":"Respiratory System","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012333","descriptor_name":"RNA, Messenger","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015536","descriptor_name":"Down-Regulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016328","descriptor_name":"NF-kappa B","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016895","descriptor_name":"Culture Media, Serum-Free","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017346","descriptor_name":"Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018125","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020928","descriptor_name":"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032389","descriptor_name":"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032389","descriptor_name":"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D047428","descriptor_name":"Protein Kinase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049109","descriptor_name":"Cell Proliferation","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051785","descriptor_name":"Smad Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053773","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053773","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta1","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053773","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta1","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00068.2007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47245711","display_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","issn_l":"1040-0605","issn":["1040-0605","1522-1504"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17468136","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17468136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1934553","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1934553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/22151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/22151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1934553","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1934553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1164520679","display_name":"Biology of airway smooth muscle in asthmatic inflammation: interactions with T cells and other factors for proliferative, secretory and contractile phenotypes as basis for chronic severe asthma.","funder_award_id":"059857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499417605","https://openalex.org/W1503043210","https://openalex.org/W1634069075","https://openalex.org/W1839043230","https://openalex.org/W1840163537","https://openalex.org/W1966745932","https://openalex.org/W1968870603","https://openalex.org/W1971707389","https://openalex.org/W1982140654","https://openalex.org/W1987492687","https://openalex.org/W1987639012","https://openalex.org/W1994177185","https://openalex.org/W1998714482","https://openalex.org/W2035992245","https://openalex.org/W2036018577","https://openalex.org/W2044812837","https://openalex.org/W2045354410","https://openalex.org/W2049216745","https://openalex.org/W2051719111","https://openalex.org/W2054717462","https://openalex.org/W2063034370","https://openalex.org/W2066689232","https://openalex.org/W2086465946","https://openalex.org/W2093749420","https://openalex.org/W2107792698","https://openalex.org/W2107933686","https://openalex.org/W2109684002","https://openalex.org/W2110094917","https://openalex.org/W2116441979","https://openalex.org/W2116882064","https://openalex.org/W2118145436","https://openalex.org/W2118650242","https://openalex.org/W2139375066","https://openalex.org/W2142389179","https://openalex.org/W2152475442","https://openalex.org/W2157027485","https://openalex.org/W2169004918","https://openalex.org/W2188131212","https://openalex.org/W2188764126","https://openalex.org/W2270329964","https://openalex.org/W2395234722","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6983421796","https://openalex.org/W2559150444","https://openalex.org/W1499417605","https://openalex.org/W2132148869","https://openalex.org/W2047838696","https://openalex.org/W1968870603","https://openalex.org/W1892303330","https://openalex.org/W2093749420","https://openalex.org/W1558203213","https://openalex.org/W2395234722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Airway":[0],"smooth":[1],"muscle":[2],"(ASM)":[3],"hyperplasia":[4,20],"is":[5,28,216,221],"a":[6,29,72,103,180,217],"characteristic":[7],"feature":[8],"of":[9,32,55,88,100,111,121,152,172],"the":[10,14,86,96,139,153,225],"asthmatic":[11,64],"airway,":[12],"but":[13,229],"underlying":[15],"mechanisms":[16],"that":[17,60,189],"induce":[18,198],"ASM":[19,33,45,49,61,92,114,157,199],"remain":[21],"unknown.":[22],"Because":[23],"transforming":[24],"growth":[25,87],"factor":[26],"(TGF)-beta":[27],"potent":[30],"regulator":[31],"cell":[34],"proliferation,":[35],"we":[36,155],"determined":[37],"its":[38,203],"expression":[39],"and":[40,58,69,81,90,105,135,168,205,211],"mitogenic":[41,109,227],"signaling":[42],"pathways":[43],"in":[44,95,102,175,183,193,224],"cells.":[46],"We":[47],"obtained":[48],"cells":[50,62,93,115,158],"by":[51,118,202],"laser":[52],"capture":[53],"microdissection":[54],"bronchial":[56],"biopsies":[57],"found":[59,169],"from":[63],"patients":[65],"expressed":[66],"TGF-beta1":[67,84,112,190,226],"mRNA":[68],"protein":[70],"to":[71,197],"greater":[73],"extent":[74],"than":[75],"nonasthmatic":[76],"individuals":[77],"using":[78],"real-time":[79],"RT-PCR":[80],"immunohistochemistry,":[82],"respectively.":[83],"stimulated":[85],"nonconfluent":[89],"confluent":[91],"either":[94],"presence":[97],"or":[98,165],"absence":[99],"serum":[101],"time-":[104],"concentration-dependent":[106],"manner.":[107],"The":[108],"activity":[110],"on":[113],"was":[116],"inhibited":[117],"selective":[119],"inhibitors":[120],"TGF-beta":[122],"receptor":[123,204],"I":[124],"kinase":[125],"(SD-208),":[126],"phosphatidylinositol":[127],"3-kinase":[128],"(PI3K,":[129],"LY-294002),":[130],"ERK":[131],"(PD-98059),":[132],"JNK":[133],"(SP-600125),":[134],"NF-kappaB":[136,220],"(AS-602868).":[137],"On":[138],"other":[140],"hand,":[141],"p38":[142,214],"MAPK":[143,215],"inhibitor":[144],"(SB-203580)":[145],"augmented":[146],"TGF-beta1-induced":[147,176,184],"proliferation.":[148,177,185],"To":[149],"study":[150],"role":[151],"Smads,":[154],"transduced":[156],"with":[159],"an":[160,194],"adenovirus":[161],"vector-expressing":[162],"Smad4,":[163],"Smad7,":[164],"dominant-negative":[166],"Smad3":[167],"no":[170],"involvement":[171],"these":[173],"Smads":[174],"Dexamethasone":[178],"caused":[179],"dose-dependent":[181],"inhibition":[182],"Our":[186],"findings":[187],"suggest":[188],"may":[191],"act":[192],"autocrine":[195],"fashion":[196],"hyperplasia,":[200],"mediated":[201],"several":[206],"kinases":[207],"including":[208],"PI3K,":[209],"ERK,":[210],"JNK,":[212],"whereas":[213],"negative":[218],"regulator.":[219],"also":[222],"involved":[223],"signaling,":[228],"Smad":[230],"pathway":[231],"does":[232],"not":[233],"appear":[234],"important.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}