{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136131499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","title":"Physician Supply And Access To Care In Urban Communities","display_name":"Physician Supply And Access To Care In Urban Communities","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136131499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","mag":"2136131499","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9018945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075053412","display_name":"Kevin Grumbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-214X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7809-214X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Grumbach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111733160","display_name":"KAREN M. VRANIZAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Vranizan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008854587","display_name":"Andrew B. Bindman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0609"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew B. Bindman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96690972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.6166999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.6166999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.23489999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.1234000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-supply","display_name":"physician supply","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care-physicians","display_name":"primary care physicians","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-insurance-status","display_name":"health insurance status","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-communities","display_name":"urban communities","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/california","display_name":"California","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-distribution-of-physicians","display_name":"geographic distribution of physicians","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-inequities","display_name":"health care inequities","score":0.48100000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6197196245193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780130764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189650","display_name":"Physician supply","level":3,"score":0.5965033769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3470461964607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33764275908470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.33269816637039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.324798583984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.26442182064056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1294267773628235}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000078329","descriptor_name":"Workforce","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002140","descriptor_name":"California","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007348","descriptor_name":"Insurance, Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000600","qualifier_name":"supply & distribution","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019037","descriptor_name":"Urban Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.16.1.71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185023","display_name":"Health Affairs","issn_l":"0278-2715","issn":["0278-2715","1544-5208","2694-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","dongbi-a","doyens","fnege-2","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315983","host_organization_name":"Project HOPE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Project HOPE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9018945","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9018945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Health affairs (Project Hope)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/900955","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=Physician+Supply+and+Access+to+Care+in+Urban+Communities&title=Health+Affairs+&volume=16&issue=1&spage=71-86&date=1997-01&au=Grumbach,+Kevin;+Vranizan,+Karen;+Bindman,+Andrew+B.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:172759","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49192551","https://openalex.org/W1999723317","https://openalex.org/W2009312581","https://openalex.org/W2032204644","https://openalex.org/W2041984225","https://openalex.org/W2074716334","https://openalex.org/W2088480348","https://openalex.org/W2089638003","https://openalex.org/W2099988998","https://openalex.org/W2154751955","https://openalex.org/W2158447889","https://openalex.org/W2164160081","https://openalex.org/W2317610227","https://openalex.org/W2396983089","https://openalex.org/W2408808186","https://openalex.org/W2443693077","https://openalex.org/W4238365871","https://openalex.org/W4242498967","https://openalex.org/W4249724935","https://openalex.org/W4256721025","https://openalex.org/W4322694612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091166844","https://openalex.org/W7047111511","https://openalex.org/W2103136477","https://openalex.org/W1804449521","https://openalex.org/W2134034988","https://openalex.org/W4404808634","https://openalex.org/W4411780531","https://openalex.org/W2072473745","https://openalex.org/W126694658","https://openalex.org/W2738481288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PROLOGUE:":[0],"One":[1],"of":[2,57,119,151,166,174,212,216,227,230,240,243,260,272,283,297,344,364,377],"the":[3,55,89,92,117,149,157,164,177,181,198,210,241],"driving":[4],"forces":[5],"that":[6,102,358],"has":[7,14,32,130],"enabled":[8],"managed":[9],"care":[10,62,80,286,330],"companies":[11],"to":[12,18,40,53,79,82,94,115,126,137,278,285,305,329,338,371],"prosper":[13],"been":[15],"their":[16],"ability":[17],"extract":[19],"concessions":[20],"from":[21,45,189,209,256,275],"specialty":[22],"physicians,":[23],"who":[24],"are":[25,72],"in":[26,48,148,262,331,366],"excess":[27],"supply.":[28,139,291,355],"But":[29],"what":[30],"impact":[31,56],"this":[33,50,66,308],"bountiful":[34],"supply":[35,299,336],"had":[36],"on":[37,134],"people's":[38],"access":[39,78,125,284,304,328],"needed":[41],"care?":[42],"Using":[43],"data":[44,93,274],"urban":[46,69,121,276,367],"areas":[47,368],"California,":[49,167,217],"paper":[51,268],"attempts":[52],"quantify":[54],"physician":[58,138,290,298,335,354],"supply\u2014":[59],"mainly":[60,341],"primary":[61],"physicians\u2014on":[63],"access.":[64],"In":[65],"large":[67],"state's":[68],"areas,":[70],"physicians":[71,365],"plentiful,":[73],"and":[74,110,153,156,184,229,232,325,347],"at":[75,163,197,234,247],"first":[76],"glance":[77],"appears":[81],"be":[83,339],"enhanced":[84],"by":[85,342,353],"this.":[86],"However,":[87,307],"when":[88],"authors":[90],"adjusted":[91],"account":[95],"for":[96,159,176,180,316,373],"underlying":[97,317],"population":[98,318,349],"characteristics,":[99],"they":[100],"found":[101],"other":[103,348],"factors,":[104],"such":[105,320],"as":[106,321],"income,":[107,324],"insurance":[108,322,346],"status,":[109,323],"race/ethnicity,":[111],"were":[112,287,300],"more":[113,360],"likely":[114],"affect":[116],"likelihood":[118],"an":[120,145,221,224,270,374],"Californian's":[122],"having":[123],"satisfactory":[124],"care.":[127,306],"Kevin":[128],"Grumbach":[129],"done":[131],"extensive":[132],"work":[133],"topics":[135],"related":[136],"A":[140],"practicing":[141],"physician,":[142],"he":[143],"is":[144,172,193,223,237,255,369],"associate":[146,225],"professor":[147,226],"Department":[150],"Family":[152],"Community":[154],"Medicine":[155,246,261],"Institute":[158],"Health":[160,182],"Policy":[161],"Studies":[162],"University":[165,215],"San":[168,248],"Francisco":[169,249],"(UCSF).":[170],"He":[171,236],"director":[173],"research":[175],"UCSF":[178,199],"Center":[179],"Professions":[183],"holds":[185,205],"a":[186,194,206,359],"medical":[187,253],"degree":[188,208,254],"UCSF.":[190,235],"Karen":[191],"Vranizan":[192],"senior":[195],"statistician":[196],"Primary":[200],"Care":[201],"Research":[202],"Center.":[203],"She":[204],"master's":[207],"School":[211,259],"Public":[213],"Health,":[214],"Berkeley.":[218],"Andrew":[219],"Bindman,":[220],"internist,":[222],"medicine":[228],"epidemiology":[231],"biostatistics":[233],"acting":[238],"chief":[239],"Division":[242],"General":[244,250],"Internal":[245],"Hospital.":[251],"His":[252],"Mount":[257],"Sinai":[258],"New":[263],"York":[264],"City.":[265],"ABSTRACT:":[266],"This":[267],"uses":[269],"analysis":[271],"survey":[273],"Californians":[277],"determine":[279],"whether":[280],"patients'":[281],"reports":[282],"associated":[288,301],"with":[289,302,333],"On":[292],"unadjusted":[293],"analyses,":[294],"higher":[295],"levels":[296],"better":[303],"association":[309],"was":[310],"no":[311],"longer":[312],"apparent":[313],"after":[314],"adjusting":[315],"characteristics":[319,350],"race/ethnicity.":[326],"Poorer":[327],"communities":[332],"lower":[334],"appeared":[337],"explained":[340],"lack":[343],"health":[345,378],"rather":[351],"than":[352],"We":[356],"conclude":[357],"geographically":[361],"equitable":[362],"distribution":[363],"unlikely":[370],"compensate":[372],"inegalitarian":[375],"system":[376],"insurance.":[379]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}