{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136102111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","title":"English as an international lingua franca: from societal to individual","display_name":"English as an international lingua franca: from societal to individual","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136102111","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","mag":"2136102111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177438180","display_name":"World Englishes","issn_l":"0883-2919","issn":["0883-2919","1467-971X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Englishes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022895643","display_name":"Yasukata Yano","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"YASUKATA YANO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, Waseda University, Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. E-mail: yasuyano@waseda.jp","Graduate School of Education, Waseda University, Nishi\u2010Waseda, Shinjuku\u2010ku, Tokyo, 169\u20108050, Japan. E\u2010mail: yasuyano@waseda.jp"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, Waseda University, Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan. E-mail: yasuyano@waseda.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, Waseda University, Nishi\u2010Waseda, Shinjuku\u2010ku, Tokyo, 169\u20108050, Japan. E\u2010mail: yasuyano@waseda.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022895643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":{"value":3570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3570},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":28.0075,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99495342,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"246","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.27149999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13795","display_name":"Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies","score":0.1307000070810318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-global-language","display_name":"English as a global language","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lingua-franca-core","display_name":"Lingua Franca Core","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-standardization","display_name":"language standardization","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-teaching","display_name":"language teaching","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777553437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378419","display_name":"English as a lingua franca","level":3,"score":0.9063495397567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159789966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80839","display_name":"Lingua franca","level":2,"score":0.8707390427589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7418462634086609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6698707342147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.512974202632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3276638984680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17443624138832092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07788696885108948}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2009.01587.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177438180","display_name":"World Englishes","issn_l":"0883-2919","issn":["0883-2919","1467-971X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Englishes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578984527","https://openalex.org/W1977410706","https://openalex.org/W2088219168","https://openalex.org/W2094760346","https://openalex.org/W2149782048","https://openalex.org/W2183517516","https://openalex.org/W2273359837","https://openalex.org/W2304127486","https://openalex.org/W4211105222","https://openalex.org/W4300659315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W99880368","https://openalex.org/W3148950461","https://openalex.org/W2121156185","https://openalex.org/W2059699172","https://openalex.org/W1522706643","https://openalex.org/W2406802085","https://openalex.org/W3148803998","https://openalex.org/W3108967686","https://openalex.org/W2416669339","https://openalex.org/W2039359612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT:":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"takes":[3],"up":[4],"three":[5],"topics":[6],"for":[7,76,78],"discussion.":[8],"The":[9,37,59],"first":[10],"is":[11,39,62],"whether":[12],"the":[13,19,63],"Kachruvian":[14],"three\u2010circle":[15],"model":[16],"can":[17,68],"accommodate":[18],"possible":[20],"change":[21],"of":[22,65],"English":[23,42,49],"use":[24],"(e.g.":[25,81],"native/non\u2010native":[26],"to":[27,33],"individual":[28],"proficiency,":[29],"a":[30,34,71],"special":[31],"talent":[32],"basic":[35],"skill).":[36],"second":[38],"what":[40,67],"transformation":[41],"would":[43],"undergo":[44],"if":[45],"it":[46],"survives":[47],"as":[48,50,55],"an":[51],"international":[52],"language":[53],"(EIL)/English":[54],"lingua":[56,82],"franca":[57,83],"(ELF).":[58],"third":[60],"topic":[61],"possibility":[64],"creating":[66],"be":[69],"called":[70],"\u2018supra\u2010normative":[72],"(not":[73],"exo\u2010/endo\u2010normative)":[74],"standard\u2019":[75],"EIL/ELF":[77],"pedagogic":[79],"purposes":[80],"core).":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
