{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135779203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","title":"Assessing Dynamic Efficiency: Theory and Evidence","display_name":"Assessing Dynamic Efficiency: Theory and Evidence","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135779203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","mag":"2135779203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088990158","display_name":"Andrew B. Abel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Abel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Finance The Wharton School Steinberg Hall , Room 2319 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia , PA 19104","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","University of Pennsylvania - Finance Department"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Finance The Wharton School Steinberg Hall , Room 2319 University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia , PA 19104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania - Finance Department","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026481307","display_name":"N. Gregory Mankiw","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Gregory Mankiw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Harvard University - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059478603","display_name":"Lawrence H. Summers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Summers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138","Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)","National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics Littauer Center Harvard University Cambridge , MA 02138","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023887452","display_name":"Richard Zeckhauser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-9546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-9546"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Zeckhauser","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Harvard Kennedy School (HKS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-efficiency","display_name":"dynamic efficiency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-accumulation","display_name":"capital accumulation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-shocks","display_name":"productivity shocks","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-flows","display_name":"capital flows","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"investment","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficiency-criteria","display_name":"efficiency criteria","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oecd-countries","display_name":"OECD countries","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-economy","display_name":"United States economy","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4123291075229645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3446435332298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3274158239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2884543836116791}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3386/w2097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w2097","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2809516038","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614461"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Bureau of Economic Research"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","raw_type":"report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135779203.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135779203.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482123984","https://openalex.org/W1513838681","https://openalex.org/W1530138968","https://openalex.org/W1969363235","https://openalex.org/W1975140694","https://openalex.org/W1983368158","https://openalex.org/W2047560619","https://openalex.org/W2065273716","https://openalex.org/W2074107713","https://openalex.org/W2080260743","https://openalex.org/W2093762777","https://openalex.org/W2118391173","https://openalex.org/W2119143694","https://openalex.org/W2162937447","https://openalex.org/W2331618487","https://openalex.org/W2570834760","https://openalex.org/W3125123930","https://openalex.org/W4238721503","https://openalex.org/W6630923380","https://openalex.org/W6631714641","https://openalex.org/W6674122168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4236872283","https://openalex.org/W4247171517","https://openalex.org/W2789694632","https://openalex.org/W1565098876","https://openalex.org/W2389443076","https://openalex.org/W7036042541","https://openalex.org/W4382199831","https://openalex.org/W2148168988","https://openalex.org/W7097817938","https://openalex.org/W2162937447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"issue":[1],"ot":[2],"dyn.aic":[3],"efficiency":[4],"is":[5,37,58],"central":[6],"to":[7,25,31,78],"analyses":[8],"of":[9,17,21,65,75,87],"capital":[10,71],"accueulation":[11],"and":[12],"economic":[13],"growth.iet":[14],"tne":[15],"question":[16],"what":[18],"operating":[19],"characteristics":[20],"an":[22,56],"econoay":[23],"subject":[24],"productivity":[26],"shocks":[27],"should":[28],"be":[29],"examirieo":[30],"deteraine":[32],"whether":[33,53],"or":[34,49,54],"riot":[35],"it":[36],"e+iicient":[38],"has":[39],"not":[40,55],"been":[41],"raoi":[42],"ved.This":[43],"paoor":[44],"do":[45],"a":[46,63],"criterion":[47,61],"based":[48],"ooservabies":[50],"tor":[51],"oeteraarirg":[52],"economy":[57,82],"dynamically":[59,96],"e+ficent.The":[60],"involves":[62],"coniparisori":[64],"the":[66,73,79,84],"casr":[67],"flows":[68],"generated":[69],"oy":[70],"with":[72],"volume":[74],"investeert.Its":[76],"application":[77],"United":[80],"States":[81],"arid":[83],"ecoroci":[85],"cc":[86],"other":[88],"oiaor":[89],"OECD":[90],"nations":[91],"sugqests":[92],"that":[93],"they":[94],"are":[95],"efficient.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}