{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135611147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","title":"Stochastic Mapping of Morphological Characters","display_name":"Stochastic Mapping of Morphological Characters","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135611147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","mag":"2135611147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12746144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10635150309342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65478581","display_name":"Systematic Biology","issn_l":"1063-5157","issn":["1063-5157","1076-836X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systematic Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068909032","display_name":"John P. Huelsenbeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-9997","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-9997"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Huelsenbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biology, University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093\u20130116, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biology, University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093\u20130116, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088476239","display_name":"Rasmus Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-6591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-6591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biometrics, Cornell University 439 Warren Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853\u20137801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biometrics, Cornell University 439 Warren Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853\u20137801, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049997602","display_name":"Jonathan P. Bollback","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-4612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4624-4612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan P. Bollback","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biology, University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093\u20130116, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biology, University of California-San Diego La Jolla, California 92093\u20130116, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2166,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2166},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.18,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":914,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98695475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"2","first_page":"131","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.45210000872612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11354","display_name":"Evolution and Paleontology Studies","score":0.45210000872612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.3440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12417","display_name":"Morphological variations and asymmetry","score":0.06920000165700912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-mapping","display_name":"character mapping","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphological-characters","display_name":"morphological characters","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phylogenetic-tree","display_name":"phylogenetic tree","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-time-markov-model","display_name":"continuous-time Markov model","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait-correlation","display_name":"trait correlation","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8277469873428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193252679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125","display_name":"Phylogenetic tree","level":3,"score":0.7650922536849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7399841547012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779267337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596352","display_name":"Character evolution","level":5,"score":0.7389346361160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22799545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805805","display_name":"Maximum parsimony","level":5,"score":0.5509492754936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5080533027648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.47821661829948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4473942816257477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.4248164892196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18983960151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1853436529636383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44465124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623","display_name":"Clade","level":4,"score":0.14983800053596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10936784744262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08425042033195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001042","descriptor_name":"Aphids","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001042","descriptor_name":"Aphids","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013215","descriptor_name":"Starfish","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013215","descriptor_name":"Starfish","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013269","descriptor_name":"Stochastic Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D031805","descriptor_name":"Pontederiaceae","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D031805","descriptor_name":"Pontederiaceae","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10635150309342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150309342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65478581","display_name":"Systematic Biology","issn_l":"1063-5157","issn":["1063-5157","1076-836X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systematic Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1080/10635150390192780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390192780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390192780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S65478581","display_name":"Systematic Biology","issn_l":"1063-5157","issn":["1063-5157","1076-836X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systematic Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12746144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12746144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Systematic biology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.386.9241","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.386.9241","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.stat.wisc.edu/~larget/botany940/HuelsenbeckNielsenBollback-SysBio-2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.391.9892","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.391.9892","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.simmap.com/bollback/jpb_pdf/Huelsenbeck2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.937.2530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.937.2530","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sysbio.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/2/131.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337400","display_name":"Division of Environmental Biology","ror":"https://ror.org/03g87he71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109881820","https://openalex.org/W1257922660","https://openalex.org/W1488393970","https://openalex.org/W1522592213","https://openalex.org/W1525734744","https://openalex.org/W1546324534","https://openalex.org/W1601231658","https://openalex.org/W1844951369","https://openalex.org/W1972521478","https://openalex.org/W1974883772","https://openalex.org/W1983002447","https://openalex.org/W2008130573","https://openalex.org/W2009068374","https://openalex.org/W2009596137","https://openalex.org/W2010814032","https://openalex.org/W2013410948","https://openalex.org/W2015643410","https://openalex.org/W2017469708","https://openalex.org/W2031818329","https://openalex.org/W2036953061","https://openalex.org/W2037592262","https://openalex.org/W2040708857","https://openalex.org/W2043379280","https://openalex.org/W2047927900","https://openalex.org/W2057293816","https://openalex.org/W2061140759","https://openalex.org/W2065461553","https://openalex.org/W2076505328","https://openalex.org/W2076822450","https://openalex.org/W2079517933","https://openalex.org/W2088091848","https://openalex.org/W2095247458","https://openalex.org/W2095320881","https://openalex.org/W2099221897","https://openalex.org/W2102424972","https://openalex.org/W2114075279","https://openalex.org/W2114525641","https://openalex.org/W2117820093","https://openalex.org/W2122082385","https://openalex.org/W2124790653","https://openalex.org/W2134871125","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2141913814","https://openalex.org/W2144755365","https://openalex.org/W2150783480","https://openalex.org/W2161444534","https://openalex.org/W2168190646","https://openalex.org/W2313756362","https://openalex.org/W2797833670","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118207809","https://openalex.org/W2912226066","https://openalex.org/W4404566589","https://openalex.org/W7143739724","https://openalex.org/W2145818984","https://openalex.org/W2795505199","https://openalex.org/W4389606897","https://openalex.org/W2132886879","https://openalex.org/W4283020819","https://openalex.org/W1604950872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"questions":[1],"in":[2,11],"evolutionary":[3,95],"biology":[4],"are":[5],"best":[6],"addressed":[7],"by":[8,107],"comparing":[9],"traits":[10],"different":[12],"species.":[13],"Often":[14],"such":[15],"studies":[16],"involve":[17],"mapping":[18,48,115,132],"characters":[19,24,50,118,133],"on":[20,25,51,88,134],"phylogenetic":[21],"trees.":[22],"Mapping":[23],"trees":[26,135],"allows":[27],"the":[28,34,43,54,62,76,92,114,126,129],"nature,":[29],"number,":[30],"and":[31,91,123,136],"timing":[32],"of":[33,61,64,71,94,99,116,128],"transformations":[35],"to":[36,78,113],"be":[37],"identified.":[38],"The":[39],"parsimony":[40,55],"method":[41,45,56,105,130],"is":[42],"only":[44],"available":[46],"for":[47,131,137],"morphological":[49,117],"phylogenies.":[52],"Although":[53],"often":[57],"makes":[58],"reasonable":[59],"reconstructions":[60],"history":[63],"a":[65,69,82,86,89,104],"character,":[66],"it":[67],"has":[68],"number":[70],"limitations.":[72],"These":[73],"limitations":[74],"include":[75],"inability":[77],"consider":[79],"more":[80],"than":[81],"single":[83],"change":[84],"along":[85],"branch":[87],"tree":[90],"uncoupling":[93],"time":[96],"from":[97],"amount":[98],"character":[100,139],"change.":[101],"We":[102],"extended":[103],"described":[106],"Nielsen":[108],"(2002,":[109],"Syst.":[110],"Biol.":[111],"51:729-739)":[112],"under":[119],"continuous-time":[120],"Markov":[121],"models":[122],"demonstrate":[124],"here":[125],"utility":[127],"identifying":[138],"correlation.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}