{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135589986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","title":"Does self-monitoring of blood glucose improve outcome in type 2 diabetes? The Fremantle Diabetes Study","display_name":"Does self-monitoring of blood glucose improve outcome in type 2 diabetes? The Fremantle Diabetes Study","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135589986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","mag":"2135589986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17237940","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1794136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031699822","display_name":"Wendy Angela Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-8235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802692842","display_name":"Fremantle Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxgmm62","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I2802692842","https://openalex.org/I4388446375","https://openalex.org/I4388482742"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. A. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia. wdavis@cyllene.uwa.edu.au","School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia. wdavis@cyllene.uwa.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018901369","display_name":"David G. Bruce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-6867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-6867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802692842","display_name":"Fremantle Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxgmm62","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I2802692842","https://openalex.org/I4388446375","https://openalex.org/I4388482742"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. G. Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia","School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043791621","display_name":"Timothy M. E. Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-7411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-7411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802692842","display_name":"Fremantle Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03yxgmm62","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I2802692842","https://openalex.org/I4388446375","https://openalex.org/I4388482742"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. M. E. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia","School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, P.O. Box 480, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia - Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031699822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127","https://openalex.org/I2802692842"],"apc_list":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"apc_paid":{"value":3490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3490},"fwci":5.8764,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96622862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"3","first_page":"510","last_page":"515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.8848000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.08309999853372574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-monitoring-of-blood-glucose","display_name":"self-monitoring of blood glucose","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-mortality","display_name":"cardiovascular mortality","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"retinopathy","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-therapy","display_name":"insulin therapy","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fremantle-diabetes-study","display_name":"Fremantle Diabetes Study","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-cohort","display_name":"community-based cohort","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8567870259284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.719386100769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6523435115814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6462136507034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.5747061967849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.566953718662262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.562222957611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5615034103393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.4121430814266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.16632983088493347}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000419","descriptor_name":"Albuminuria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003404","descriptor_name":"Creatinine","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000652","qualifier_name":"urine","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014904","descriptor_name":"Western Australia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015190","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17237940","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17237940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.279.2718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.279.2718","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/e4/06/Diabetologia_2007_Mar_20_50(3)_510-515.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/3550829f-c2b1-4e6b-8e8d-fac8b79adda5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/3550829f-c2b1-4e6b-8e8d-fac8b79adda5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Davis, W, Bruce, D & Davis, T 2007, 'Does self-monitoring of blood glucose improve outcome in type 2 diabetes? The Fremantle Diabetes Study', Diabetologia, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. online - approx 5-20pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00125-006-0581-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104375418","display_name":"Diabetologia","issn_l":"0012-186X","issn":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetologia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135589986.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135589986.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1274270443","https://openalex.org/W1976787772","https://openalex.org/W1980946892","https://openalex.org/W2007062426","https://openalex.org/W2009415602","https://openalex.org/W2037428444","https://openalex.org/W2067384025","https://openalex.org/W2106330554","https://openalex.org/W2142280025","https://openalex.org/W2152161585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097529260","https://openalex.org/W2142280025","https://openalex.org/W2073141341","https://openalex.org/W2049725820","https://openalex.org/W2403773155","https://openalex.org/W2743184977","https://openalex.org/W1967911846","https://openalex.org/W2095496832","https://openalex.org/W2025906285","https://openalex.org/W6957834398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"whether":[3],"self-monitoring":[4],"of":[5,13,20,61,105,107,116,153,188,211,228],"blood":[6],"glucose":[7],"(SMBG)":[8],"is":[9],"an":[10],"independent":[11],"predictor":[12],"improved":[14,220],"outcome":[15],"in":[16,39,137,144,191],"a":[17,59,184,207],"community-based":[18],"cohort":[19],"type":[21,35,108,123],"2":[22,36,109,124],"diabetic":[23,37],"patients.":[24],"MATERIALS":[25],"AND":[26],"METHODS:":[27],"We":[28],"used":[29,111],"longitudinal":[30],"data":[31],"from":[32,129],"(1)":[33],"1,280":[34],"participants":[38,63,125],"the":[40,74,93,151,198,226],"observational":[41],"Fremantle":[42],"Diabetes":[43],"Study":[44],"(FDS)":[45],"who":[46,64,139,146],"reported":[47],"SMBG":[48,132,172,202,214,229],"and":[49,57,81,169,233],"diabetes":[50],"treatment":[51],"status":[52],"at":[53,86,150],"study":[54],"entry":[55],"(1993-1996),":[56],"(2)":[58],"subset":[60],"531":[62],"attended":[65],"six":[66],"or":[67,243],"more":[68],"annual":[69],"assessments":[70],"(referred":[71],"to":[72,92,225,238],"as":[73],"5-year":[75,199],"cohort).":[76],"Diabetes-related":[77],"morbidity,":[78],"cardiac":[79,130,231],"death":[80,232],"all-cause":[82,178],"mortality":[83,190],"were":[84,147],"ascertained":[85],"each":[87],"assessment,":[88],"supplemented":[89],"by":[90],"linkage":[91],"Western":[94],"Australian":[95],"Data":[96],"Linkage":[97],"System.":[98],"RESULTS:":[99],"At":[100],"baseline,":[101],"70.2%":[102],"(898":[103],"out":[104],"1,280)":[106],"patients":[110,192],"SMBG.":[112],"During":[113],"12,491":[114],"patient-years":[115],"follow-up":[117,142],"(mean":[118],"9.8+/-3.5":[119],"years),":[120],"486":[121],"(38.0%)":[122],"died":[126,140],"(196":[127],"[15.3%]":[128],"causes).":[131],"was":[133,173,181,203,215],"significantly":[134],"less":[135],"prevalent":[136],"those":[138,145],"during":[141],"than":[143],"still":[148],"alive":[149],"end":[152],"June":[154],"2006":[155],"(65.4":[156],"vs":[157],"73.0%,":[158],"p=0.005).":[159],"In":[160],"Cox":[161],"proportional":[162],"hazards":[163],"modelling,":[164],"after":[165],"adjustment":[166,242],"for":[167],"confounding":[168],"explanatory":[170],"variables,":[171],"not":[174,193,216],"independently":[175,204,217],"associated":[176,182,205,218],"with":[177,183,195,206,219,230],"mortality,":[179],"but":[180],"79%":[185],"increased":[186],"risk":[187,210],"cardiovascular":[189],"treated":[194],"insulin.":[196],"For":[197],"cohort,":[200],"time-dependent":[201],"48%":[208],"reduced":[209],"retinopathy.":[212],"CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION:":[213],"survival.":[221],"Inconsistent":[222],"findings":[223],"relating":[224],"association":[227],"retinopathy":[234],"may":[235],"be":[236],"due":[237],"confounding,":[239],"incomplete":[240],"covariate":[241],"chance.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
