{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135201965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","title":"Deeper and wider: income and mortality in the USA over three decades","display_name":"Deeper and wider: income and mortality in the USA over three decades","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135201965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","mag":"2135201965","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20980249","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3043282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ije/dyq189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/40/1/183/1888588/dyq189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13389975","display_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0300-5771","issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/40/1/183/1888588/dyq189.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009798144","display_name":"Jennifer B. Dowd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-5656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261661","display_name":"CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy","ror":"https://ror.org/05n894m26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261661"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. B. Dowd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY 10010, USA. jdowd@hunter.cuny.edu","Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY 10010, USA. jdowd@hunter.cuny.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4405261661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Albright","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","display_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02q7mkh03","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Albright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112719249","display_name":"T. E. Raghunathan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","display_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02q7mkh03","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. E. Raghunathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045209916","display_name":"Robert F. Schoeni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-2459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-2459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","display_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02q7mkh03","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. F. Schoeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010201918","display_name":"Felicia B. LeClere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-5023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-5023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","display_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02q7mkh03","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. LeClere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104091882","display_name":"George A. Kaplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-4451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-4451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39694355","display_name":"Hunter College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2xk477","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39694355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","display_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02q7mkh03","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258921","display_name":"Institute for Social Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9hd73","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Kaplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA, 2 CUNY Institute for Demographic Research, New York, NY, USA, 3 Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 4 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 6 Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and 7 Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4387153780","https://openalex.org/I4405258921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009798144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I39694355","https://openalex.org/I4405261661"],"apc_list":{"value":3423,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":4514},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94138325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"183","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11959","display_name":"Employment and Welfare Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-and-mortality","display_name":"income and mortality","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-inequality","display_name":"economic inequality","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panel-study-of-income-dynamics","display_name":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-income-population","display_name":"middle-income population","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.41214677691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4084910750389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3481774926185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16709768772125244}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016016","descriptor_name":"Proportional Hazards Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ije/dyq189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/40/1/183/1888588/dyq189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13389975","display_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0300-5771","issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3043282","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3043282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Epidemiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20980249","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20980249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of epidemiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/109740","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109740","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/109740","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:intjepid:40/1/183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/40/1/183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ije/dyq189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq189","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/40/1/183/1888588/dyq189.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13389975","display_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","issn_l":"0300-5771","issn":["0300-5771","1464-3685"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Epidemiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7799999713897705}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2425913877","display_name":"Michigan Interdisciplinary Center on Social Inequality, Mind & Body","funder_award_id":"R24HD047861","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3007943815","display_name":"The Shape of Income and Mortality","funder_award_id":"5r21ag031358-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3322898181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 AG031358","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6085226382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1R21AG031358-01A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7575849074","display_name":"Population Research Infrastructure Support","funder_award_id":"R24HD041028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135201965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2135201965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564305378","https://openalex.org/W1607537151","https://openalex.org/W1897411453","https://openalex.org/W1971481005","https://openalex.org/W2022020835","https://openalex.org/W2044998035","https://openalex.org/W2061141487","https://openalex.org/W2080709277","https://openalex.org/W2094282907","https://openalex.org/W2099065395","https://openalex.org/W2104982032","https://openalex.org/W2124138908","https://openalex.org/W2129041355","https://openalex.org/W2140252048","https://openalex.org/W2500103475","https://openalex.org/W3024594196","https://openalex.org/W3124856493","https://openalex.org/W3125393536","https://openalex.org/W4252136409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971481005","https://openalex.org/W2561126977","https://openalex.org/W2022020835","https://openalex.org/W2141916720","https://openalex.org/W3123203986","https://openalex.org/W3125937160","https://openalex.org/W2008317537","https://openalex.org/W2090241969","https://openalex.org/W7100132939","https://openalex.org/W4402311290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Literature":[1],"on":[2,256,261],"the":[3,20,26,34,37,56,64,67,74,77,79,82,91,113,136,155,181,190,205,231,240,245,251,262,266,273],"socio-economic":[4,278],"'gradient'":[5],"in":[6,33,73,180,214,218,223,276,280],"health":[7,16],"often":[8],"asserts":[9],"that":[10,233],"income":[11,28,70,86,125,137,141,158,177,198,213,234,241,248,267],"is":[12,235,244],"associated":[13,129,195,236],"with":[14,108,130,146,164,189,196,237],"better":[15],"not":[17,49,185,229],"only":[18],"for":[19,76,97],"very":[21],"poor,":[22],"but":[23],"also":[24,184],"across":[25,187,253],"entire":[27],"distribution.":[29],"In":[30],"addition,":[31],"changes":[32],"shape":[35,65,153],"of":[36,44,55,66,94,115,135,154,172,193,204,212,265],"association":[38,156,168,246],"between":[39,69,157,176,247],"incomes":[40],"during":[41],"a":[42,104,143,165,259],"period":[43],"increasing":[45,202],"economic":[46],"inequality":[47],"have":[48],"been":[50],"previously":[51],"studied.":[52],"The":[53,152,174],"goal":[54],"current":[57],"study":[58],"was":[59,126,161,183],"to":[60,111,200,271],"estimate":[61],"and":[62,71,81,87,159,178,220,249],"compare":[63],"relationship":[68,175],"mortality":[72,88,116,131,160,179,238,250],"USA":[75,182],"1970s,":[78],"1980s":[80],"1990s.":[83],"METHODS:":[84],"Using":[85],"data":[89],"from":[90],"Panel":[92],"Study":[93],"Income":[95],"Dynamics":[96],"respondents":[98],"aged":[99],"35-64":[100],"years,":[101],"we":[102,139],"used":[103],"Bayesian":[105],"Cox":[106],"Model":[107],"regression":[109],"splines":[110],"model":[112],"risk":[114,192],"over":[117,208],"three":[118],"10-year":[119],"follow-up":[120],"periods.":[121,254],"To":[122],"identify":[123],"whether":[124],"more":[127],"strongly":[128],"at":[132,169],"different":[133],"parts":[134],"distribution,":[138,242],"treated":[140],"as":[142],"linear":[144],"spline":[145],"an":[147,201],"unknown":[148],"knot":[149],"location.":[150],"RESULTS:":[151],"quite":[162],"non-linear,":[163],"much":[166],"stronger":[167],"lower":[170,197],"levels":[171],"income.":[173],"invariant":[186],"time,":[188],"increased":[191],"death":[194],"applying":[199],"proportion":[203],"US":[206],"population":[207],"time":[209],"(9th":[210],"percentile":[211,217,222],"1970-79,":[215],"20th":[216],"1980-89":[219],"32nd":[221],"1990-99).":[224],"CONCLUSIONS:":[225],"Our":[226],"analyses":[227],"do":[228],"support":[230],"claim":[232],"throughout":[239],"nor":[243],"same":[252],"Based":[255],"our":[257],"analyses,":[258],"focus":[260],"bottom":[263],"30%":[264],"distribution":[268],"would":[269],"seem":[270],"return":[272],"greatest":[274],"benefits":[275],"reducing":[277],"inequalities":[279],"health.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
