{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135190822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","title":"Natural Kinds and Manifest Forms of Life*","display_name":"Natural Kinds and Manifest Forms of Life*","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135190822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","mag":"2135190822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143168555","display_name":"dialectica","issn_l":"0012-2017","issn":["0012-2017","1746-8361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dialectica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Brakel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Brakel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, P.O. Box 80.126, 3584 TC Utrecht (The Netherlands)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, P.O. Box 80.126, 3584 TC Utrecht (The Netherlands)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35487912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"3-4","first_page":"243","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.015699999406933784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13558","display_name":"Philosophy, Science, and History","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-kinds","display_name":"natural kinds","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classification","display_name":"classification","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"categorization","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-science","display_name":"philosophy of science","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics-of-kinds","display_name":"metaphysics of kinds","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.8799015283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6369456648826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5979862213134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780834244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3356722","display_name":"Natural kind","level":3,"score":0.5874555110931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5802983641624451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992860105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631392","display_name":"Subject matter","level":3,"score":0.5332614779472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4757416248321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3574332594871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.24244427680969238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2423437535762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.2172359824180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.04805105924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.1992.tb00175.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S143168555","display_name":"dialectica","issn_l":"0012-2017","issn":["0012-2017","1746-8361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dialectica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43850118","https://openalex.org/W108297663","https://openalex.org/W134089414","https://openalex.org/W266716723","https://openalex.org/W573739665","https://openalex.org/W635985654","https://openalex.org/W1516748551","https://openalex.org/W1533665549","https://openalex.org/W1974357216","https://openalex.org/W1975827486","https://openalex.org/W1994304438","https://openalex.org/W1995594940","https://openalex.org/W2002670224","https://openalex.org/W2007788667","https://openalex.org/W2014052366","https://openalex.org/W2018288190","https://openalex.org/W2022715138","https://openalex.org/W2023787846","https://openalex.org/W2050068634","https://openalex.org/W2058380691","https://openalex.org/W2058947702","https://openalex.org/W2072300192","https://openalex.org/W2074953974","https://openalex.org/W2076439247","https://openalex.org/W2076797362","https://openalex.org/W2084143842","https://openalex.org/W2084706605","https://openalex.org/W2097900045","https://openalex.org/W2111315815","https://openalex.org/W2128354217","https://openalex.org/W2144148552","https://openalex.org/W2329490736","https://openalex.org/W2462953301","https://openalex.org/W2468519816","https://openalex.org/W2476689156","https://openalex.org/W3000554613","https://openalex.org/W3109549099","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388413604","https://openalex.org/W7207122395","https://openalex.org/W2490481324","https://openalex.org/W2092069015","https://openalex.org/W2755751132","https://openalex.org/W2487234118","https://openalex.org/W2248513860","https://openalex.org/W4388217270","https://openalex.org/W2942506882","https://openalex.org/W2059496510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"I":[3],"try":[4],"to":[5,13,63],"make":[6],"sense":[7],"of":[8],"and":[9],"give":[10],"provisional":[11],"answers":[12],"question":[14],"like:":[15],"Are":[16,28],"there":[17,43],"interesting":[18],"theories":[19],"about":[20],"natural":[21,34,45,72,75],"kinds":[22],"(distinguishing":[23],"them":[24],"form":[25],"other":[26],"kinds)?":[27],"some":[29,57],"classifications":[30],"or":[31,41,74],"categorisations":[32],"more":[33],"than":[35],"others?":[36],"Does":[37],"it":[38],"matter":[39],"whether":[40],"not":[42],"are":[44],"kinds?":[46],"To":[47],"get":[48],"an":[49],"initial":[50],"feel":[51],"for":[52,70],"the":[53,60],"subject":[54],"let's":[55],"consider":[56],"suggestions":[58],"from":[59],"literature":[61],"as":[62,67],"what":[64],"might":[65],"count":[66],"a":[68,71],"candidate":[69],"kind":[73,76],"term.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
